1.  I am not an expert either in the "Manchester School of Economics" or in "Rheinland Capitalism."

2. (a) The Manchester School originated in the 19th Century, because of the desire  for free trade.  I do not believe they had a platform for monetary or tax or fiscal policies; I might be wrong about the latter part, and if so, someone will point it out.  As

(c) Sometime, in the past, I posted links that gave three different perspectives in favor of free trade
(i) liberal (minority view, even though Bill Clinton signed and Dems voted for NAFTA), (ii) conservative (majority view, even though Pat Buchanan and others oppose it), (iii) libertarian (overwhelming view).

You can check back at my comments and find out, if you are interested.

(d) My short answer for free trade is simple:  Let Africa and Latin America and Asia (large part) live in  the industrial and agricultural age, and let's move to the information age (space, biotech, nanotech, genetic engineering, health care, internet, etc).  Most people in these industries will make a lot more money than if they worked in metallurgy or meat factories.  

It also means that education (and creative thinking) will become more important because we live in the information age.