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When I tell a friend of mine that inequality is increasing in the U.S., he basically replies, "Why is it a bad thing that some people's incomes are growing faster than others', as long as everyone is making more each year in real income [by which I think he means median income is increasing]?"

Yes, median income in the U.S. has dropped 2 or 3 out of the last five years I believe, but over the long term, median real income does steadily increase, I believe.  The point is that there are many people who are not at all bothered by the notion of increasing inequality, as long as everyone generally is always doing a little better than last year.  And so the political implications of a corrleation between GDP growth and income ineqality are not necessarily significant among such people.  (Also, I was just talking to some mainland Chinese people at a party this past weekend, and when I asked them about the thousands of riots per year and unemployed hordes clogging the cities, their attitude in a nutshell was that, Yes, some people are getting rich far faster than others, but overall, everyone is better off than they were 5, 10 years ago, even the poorest.)

What I am curious about is:

  • Can modern economies remain healthy even when people's incomes overall do not continually increase (but don't necessarily decrease either)?

  • Would there be anything wrong with GDP growth that (1) does not consume natural resources beyond replenishment rates and, (2) does not destroy the environment (through pollution, etc.), and (3) does not tend to increasing income inequalities?

To the first point, in your comment above referencing Keynes, you answered in the affirmative (and I believe Nanne's answer was in agreement with that.)

Regarding the second point, I guess the first question is: Is such an economy even feasible?  I think Colman and Jerome may answer in the affirmative, at least with respect to the consumption of natural resources.  If so, can GDP grow without increasing socioeconomic inequalities (which sort of goes back to your question)?

Rien ne réussit comme le succès.

by marco (cowannar at gmail punkt com) on Mon Nov 6th, 2006 at 10:17:06 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Would there be anything wrong with GDP growth that (1) does not consume natural resources beyond replenishment rates and, (2) does not destroy the environment (through pollution, etc.), and (3) does not tend to increasing income inequalities?

1) Suppose you consume all natural resources at replenishment rates; 2) realise that that means there is no untamed environment left, but it also implies waste is produced at the natural absorption rate; 3) Suppose income inequality stays constant.

Where is GDP growth going to come from?

  • productivity growth
  • innovation [as in, more nutritious crops, less wasteful manufacturing and more services]
  • population decrease

Also, looking at the history of life on Earth one should realise that "consuming all natural resources at replenishment rates" is not the way things work, and that what's wrong about our current predicament is not that we're changing the environment but that we're changing it so fast we're causing a mass extinction.

Ecology teaches us some lessons about inequality, diversity and complexity, too. The "problem" of political economy is human solidarity and empathy.

Those whom the Gods wish to destroy They first make mad. -- Euripides

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Nov 7th, 2006 at 05:04:11 AM EST
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