US system with executive President:
(British, Dutch, Scandinavian, Spanish) parliamentary democracy:
Parliamentary democracy with Parliament-elected ceremonial President (Germany, Italy, Hungary etc.):
Parliamentary democracy with popularly elected weak ceremonial President (Portugal, Slovakia etc.):
Parliamentary democracy with both PM and strong (some executive powers) President (France, Poland, Russia):
*Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
If not then I'm not sure I agree with your interpretation of the American model. Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire
Americans will usually say "administration" where Europeans say "government", I now realize. In Europe I think "administration" is synonimous with "state bureaucracy" and not restricted to the Cabinet or the heads of national government agencies.
I must not have made myself clear. I don't have a problem with American, French, or Russian presidentialism. I do have a problem with the presidentialisation [i.e., personalisation of politics on the party leaders and of admninistration on the prime minister] of our parliamentary systems.
I suggest that you google "Blair presidential style" to see what I mean. It is entirely possible that calling this "presidentialisation" is a popular misinterpretation of the American system, but that's another story.
Dodo should really turn this into a diary so we can hash it out there. guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
In this connection, I am not entirely happy with DoDo's diagrams because generally there should be "proposes" arrows from the head of state down to the PM and from the President/PM down to the rest of the cabinet, and "approves" arrows up from the parliament to the PM and/or cabinet.
In many bicameral systems there are also members of the upper house who are not popularly elected [as was the case in the US initially]: senators "by royal designation", "nominated by the provincial/state government", "lifetime senators"...]. guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
Didn't I omit that only in the case of the American system? *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
Maybe the orange arrows pointing into the middle of the brack arrows?
It just didn't seem clear to me. guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
