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I think actually most process industries use natural gas or coal (cheapest options) and not liquid fuels for heating feedstocks. In some cases they double up as feedstock (coal for steel, natural gas for fertilizer).

Pierre
by Pierre on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:02:33 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Just because they are not liquid doesn't mean gas or coal are not mobile, dense fuels. Natural gas is a fluid and it is used increasingly in public transportation (I don't know whether it is liquefied or not). I wonder whether coal powder wouldn't be a more efficient way of using coal for mobile applications.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:12:47 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The trouble with coal powder as fuel (at least in steam locomotive applications) is that it sticks to surfaces and clogs up various parts. As fuel it is very efficient.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:16:00 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Powdering is key: it dramatically increases the area-to-volume ratio [combustion in a gas atmosphere happens on the surface] and minimizes the production of incompletely combusted products, which are generally dangerously polluting as they are chemically active (example: carbon monoxide is the result of incomplete combustion and is a poison as it binds to hemoglobin more strongly than osygen; carbon dioxide is the result of complete combustion ans is chemically inert).

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:26:09 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The one surviving (East) German coal powder locomotive (recognisable due to high tender), [class] 52 [no.]  9900:

...as you have given me another opportunity to push trains...

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:43:43 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Some busses of the RATP in Paris are gas-powered. It's liquefied, in a long tank on the roof. The gas goes into a regular engine, probably with some tuning. Also I saw a  PR a few month ago about a british university designing a gas-powered urban vehicle similar to a quad or a BMW-scooter with roof, for ultra-low power mobility.

Pierre
by Pierre on Mon May 22nd, 2006 at 08:34:46 AM EST
[ Parent ]

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