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Look, you haven't read my comment upthread that "allowing side payments is an improvement on Pareto as long as the side payments actually take place".

A cost-benefit analysis along the lines of "I will benefit more than you will be hurt therefore let's do it", justified on "I could compensate you for your loss and still come ahead, but I don't have to", seems wrong-headed.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 08:07:57 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I didn't read the comment, because I already understand the point.

I'm not disagreeing with that.  But you still have not answered my charge about people who are hurt by the lack of free trade -- the people who lose a chunk of their living standards because of the government providing an unfair advantage to others.  Set Pareto, Kaldor and Hicks aside for a moment.  The real question here is of whether or not it is far to give some workers an artificial advantage over others.

By placing tariffs on imports, or giving subsidies to exporters, governments redistribute wealth -- yes, eliminating Pareto optimality -- from those who would be better off under free trade to those who would not.  Why should those people be valued more by the government than other citizens?

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:34:40 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"Might be better off under free-trade". <stamps feet>

What if one rich guy would be better off and everyone else would be reduced to penury. Would redistributive tariffs be ok then?

by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:39:15 AM EST
[ Parent ]
<stamps feet>

You almost made me spit my coffee out with that.  From this point, onward, assume that I'm using "mights" and "maybes" where needed.

To answer your question, I would obviously support redistribution in large quantities under that example.  But, needless to say, this is not what seems likely to happen, unless we look only at a few pieces of the picture -- namely, the businessman who outsourced and the workers who lost their jobs.  (In fact, on this one occasion, I'll guarantee that this would not happen.)  But, again, that ignores the Chinese who, at this point in time, seem likely to gain those jobs, as well as ignoring the other (Americans, Europeans, Guatemalans, Japanese, Aussies, whatever) who will likely see the cost of food, cars, clothing, computers, etc., fall, thereby raising their living standards.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:51:03 AM EST
[ Parent ]
my coffee

Excuse me.  That should read "my colored water that Americans call coffee," according to Migeru.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:53:50 AM EST
[ Parent ]
That's the only rational explanation for the fact that Americans can drink a dozen cups of coffee a day.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:56:23 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I usually have four or five per day, but I use espresso (ha!), milk and sugar.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:00:42 AM EST
[ Parent ]
That, and our sleeping habits dictate that several cups are necessary in the morning.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:02:29 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Several cups of Italian coffee in the morning would kill you.

But you only have 4 or 5 espressos a day, which I suppose is ok. One in your capuccino for breakfast, a mid-morning coffee, one after lunch, one after your (early) dinner. Matches the Spanish pattern (the last one happens at tea-time way before our (late) dinner.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:06:22 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Several cups of Italian coffee in the morning would kill you.

Being of British and Irish ancestry, I have little doubt that you're right.  But my ancestors' side of Europe has better beer.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:16:37 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Assuming you drink it chilled...

Warm bear, ugh!

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:22:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Depends on what you're drinking.  I was surprised to find that Guinness was quite enjoyable when served a bit warmer.  But I would certainly never advise you to drink Budweiser or one of the other disgusting American beers at anything higher than 34F or so.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:30:01 AM EST
[ Parent ]
That's the only rational explanation for the fact that Americans can drink a dozen cups of coffee a day.

Coming back to this a little late - I suspect this one fact on its own explains a huge amount of US politics and culture.

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Fri Jun 23rd, 2006 at 09:35:09 AM EST
[ Parent ]
:-) You go into your doctor's office.  He diagnoses you. He says you 'might' have a deadly disease that 'maybe' could be cured with treatment X.

What would be your reaction?

No raindrop believes itself responsible for the flood that follows.

by Benito (haplo1998 at yahoo) on Mon Jun 19th, 2006 at 10:35:52 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I'd ask "can you run another test to make sure I have the disease", and "is that the most successful treatment that we know"?

Both are experimental questions.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Jun 21st, 2006 at 11:00:08 AM EST
[ Parent ]
And therein lies the problem. Economics, like most social science, is hampered by it's inability to conduct real experiments and the 'squishy' nature of the variables it measures. As a social scientist I'm of course sympathetic, but that just means I understand how tentative all these 'findings' really are.

Social Science, especially economics, is collectively at the point where physics was while Newton lived, or where Biology was when Darwin made his first trip on the Beagle. We've found some empirical correlations. We have a few theories that seem internally consistent. Do we have great working models of real economies or real social systems? No. We know more about the weather.  

No raindrop believes itself responsible for the flood that follows.

by Benito (haplo1998 at yahoo) on Thu Jun 22nd, 2006 at 01:12:43 AM EST
[ Parent ]
For no reason. But if you want to institute a change the burden of proof (and of compensation) lies with the advocates of the change (and its beneficiaries).

If people wanted to institute new trade barriers I'd probably oppose it on the grounds that not only you hurt some people but the likely aggregate loss (from comparative advantage) would prevent you from compensating the losers.

So let's just wrap up my position with this:

  • If you're going to use side payments to argue that a change is fair to most people, the side payments need to be actual, not hypothetical [mathematically: Kaldor-Hicks with actual side payments is probably close to Pareto]
  • If you're going to advocate a policy change because of an aggregate benefit, you have to use (part of) the aggregate benefit to actually, not hypothetically, compensate those who would otherwise oppose the change because they would be hurt.
  • On the issue of globalization, probably the thing to do is to liberalize trade while at the same time instituting a fund to help your own workers who will be forced to retrain into abother industry [such a "globalization adjustment fund" has been proposed at the EU level]
  • I remain unconvinced that with free movement of labour, capital, goods and services it makes sense to talk of separate economies. You then need a common economic policy with explicit redistributive elements to protect people from the whims of capital movements. With fixed labour and capital and moving goods, you can really talk about free trade between distinct economies.


guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 10:54:59 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Either of you want to write up a human readable summary of this for the front page or should I do it?
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:08:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
This thread, not Migeru's position!
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:08:59 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I'll do it if you'd like.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:14:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I should probably do it: I've learned more than you here I think.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:18:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I'm not sure about that.  You, Miguel, ATinNM, and others have helped to pull a lot of information back.  Beyond discussions here at ET, I haven't really been involved in any economics-related activities, so it helps to keep my mind going.

Now if I could only get off my lazy ass long enough to read some of those textbooks....

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:26:57 AM EST
[ Parent ]
But you have the requisite knowledge of academic economics to properly put the whole thing in context.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:29:50 AM EST
[ Parent ]
You assume that I'm able to keep my thoughts together for a long-enough period to allow me to do that.  I must remind you that flattery will get you nowhere. ;)

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:34:34 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Reading original works and figuring things out for yourself are more fun and more productive than reading textbooks. You can make a killing selling those to unsuspecting undergraduates ;-)

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:31:10 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I agree about the original works.  I got more out of Keynes and Friedman than I ever got out of a textbook.

And, yes, there is big money in textbooks, if the author is well known and can, therefore, convince other professors to assign it to students.  I'm sure Krugman, Mankiw and Romer have earned plenty on textbooks, alone.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:43:16 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I was talking about the second-hand market.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:45:09 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Oh, the second-hand market is fantastic for all of the textbook stores around here (all two of them).  I was under the impression that collusion was illegal, but I suppose it is not when the university is one of the parties that benefit from it.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:51:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Write it then: I'll complain if I think you missed anything! I really want the point that free-trade theory tells you what could happen, not what must happen included.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:32:45 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Write it then: I'll complain if I think you missed anything!

Fair enough.  Will do.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin

by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:36:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I'll complain if you forget Migeru's position. </snark>

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:49:12 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"Migeru hates freedom."  How's that? :D

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:53:02 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Perfect.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:53:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Ah, the debate tactics I've learned in the Era of Bush.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:55:06 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I'm sure you'd do a great job.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:21:24 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Gracias.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:43:44 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I thought flattery would get me nowhere.

guaranteed to evoke a violent reaction from police is to challenge their right to "define the situation." --- David Graeber citing Marc Cooper
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:45:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Alright, I lied.  So I'm a sucker for flattery.

Conservatives want live babies so they can raise them to be dead soldiers. - George Carlin
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Thu Jun 15th, 2006 at 11:48:10 AM EST
[ Parent ]

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