My guess is that the original impulse towards egalitarianism and manhood suffrage (for white men) in America, was more to do with the lack of traditional European wealth and status hierarchies in newly settled frontier districts, leading to the breakdown of deference and acceptance of the rule of the "better sort" of people. Attitudes like hostility to "aristocratic" institutions such as banks were thus consequences, rather than causes of the development of American democracy.

Carey was the greatest U.S. economist of the 19th century; I generally find that I can take any recent book on economics and judge its worth by looking in the index to see how many mentions of Henry Carey there are. If there are none, or perhaps just a short note, the book has always, ALWAYS, turned out to be some apologia for monetarism or some other dementia.

British economic thinking, Carey wrote,

is unsound and unnatural, and second, a theory invented for the purpose of accounting for the poverty and wretchedness which are its necessary results. The miseries of Ireland are charged to over-population, although millions of acres of the richest soils of the kingdom are waiting drainage to take their place among the most productive in the world, and although the Irish are compelled to waste more labour than would pay, many times over, for all the cloth and iron they consume. The wretchedness of Scotland is charged to over-population when a large portion of the land is so tied up by entails as to forbid improvement, and almost forbid cultivation. The difficulty of obtaining food in England is ascribed to over-population, when throughout the kingdom a large portion of the land is occupied as pleasure grounds, by men whose fortunes are due to the system which has ruined Ireland and India. Over-population is the ready excuse for all the evils of a vicious system, and so will it continue to be until that system shall see its end... (pp. 64-65)

In conflict with the British system, Carey was a proponent of what was  known until about the 1920s, as the American System of political economy. There is an excellent write up of it on Wikipedia.

The American System was an economic plan based on the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton, expanded upon later by Friedrich List, consisting of a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building, and a national bank to encourage productive enterprise and form a national currency. This program was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper, by providing a defense against the dumping of cheap foreign products, mainly at the time from the British Empire.

The American School, also known as "National System", represents three different yet related things in politics, policy and philosophy. It was the American policy for many decades, waxing and waning in actual degrees and details of implementation.^[1] Historian Michael Lind describes it as a coherent applied economic philosophy with logical and conceptual relationships with other economic ideas.^[2]

It is the macroeconomic philosophy that dominated United States national policies from the time of the American Civil War until the mid-twentieth century^{[1][3][4][5][6][7][8]} (after mercantilism and prior to Keynesian economics, it can be seen as a modified type of classical economics).

On the other hand, Montereyan here is extolling the Jacksonians who were opposed to both the Whigs and the Republicans. I really would like to see a debate on this.

We have met the enemy, and he is us — Pogo