Arguably in terms of Africa, Spain and Ireland were way ahead of the level I was thinking about, but it's a good point, you don't need market-distoring tariff barriers, market-distorting subsidies will do just as well! ;-)
The EU member states, back in the day, still did industrial policy, in particular France, until the neo-libs increasingly took over such places as the competition commission and, importantly, the ECJ.
The CAP is a textbook example of an "import-subsitution" regime which benefited, one way or another, Ireland, Spain and France, which between them have over a third of all EU-25 arable land, for quite some time.
