Note that a US BTA (assuming a US cap and trade or carbon tax is put into place ... which means, after 2008) could provide a combined carrot/stick for performance by being based on carbon emissions per US$ GDP at current exchange rates so that ... given that a cap and trade is the policy most likely to be implemented given the US division of executive and legislative powers ... that determines the number of carbon permits that must be bought to import a certain quantity from a particular country.
On that measure, it seems highly likely that China would face a steep BTA.
Countries emitting less than the US per US$ GDP could be excused from the tax. I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.