If the market is well regulated -- including capturing the costs of the 'free ride' impacts -- I do not see why one can not be driving the economy to an ever lower carbon load, even while operating within capitalism.
In any event, there is no such thing as a "pure capitalist" economy in the globe, question is what is balance and how is it regulated. Blogging regularly at Get Energy Smart. NOW!!!
But at the moment the financial system is cancerous, and out of control - a parasite destroying the host.
And yes, the solutions ARE "simple". But no-one paid by the hour rather than the outcome is interested in simplicity. "Any economic unit can emit money. The serious problem is to get it accepted" Hyman Minsky