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Ahmed Rashid's Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia (2000) provides the best study of the rise of the Taliban and the American role in it. According to that book, it was all about oil - the US was trying to break Russia's control over Caspian oil and saw the Taliban, financed by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, as the best option for control of Afghanistan. Unocal was proposing a pipeline through Afghanistan to get oil from Turkmenistan to the Arabian Sea in Pakistan (and Hamid Karzai's background is in Unocal). The CIA, who had long-standing links with both the Saudis and the ISI, helped funnel money to the Taliban in the service of this goal.

Rashid quotes the US State Department as saying in February 1997 "the Taliban will probably develop like Saudi Arabia. There will be Aramco, pipelines, an emir, no parliament and lots of Sharia law. We can live with that." (Taliban, 179)

And the world will live as one

by Montereyan (robert at calitics dot com) on Sat Sep 22nd, 2007 at 02:26:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I sort of don't believe this story. Afghanistan has been wrecked by instability and civil war for nearing thirty years, and was two-decades into this horrible instability when the Taliban came to power. And they never had control of the whole country, notably the areas bordering the former Soviet Union were not under their control. So it's sort of hard to figure major western Capital would move into a risky project like this - pipelines are quite vulnerable to instability, as the FARC in Colombia and the Iraqi resistance are showing on a near daily basis.

I do not, however, think it impossible that someone from the Clinton state department would say such a thing - competence was not their thing either.

Fai de bèn a Bertrand, te lou rendra en cagant

by redstar on Sat Sep 22nd, 2007 at 03:10:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
It may not have been a sensible move from the US' perspective, and after '98 the Clinton folks appear to have moved away from whatever flirtation they did have with the Taliban.

But the interest was there, and Rashid isn't the only one to have made claims about a CIA role in the creation of the Taliban. Most agree that the Pakistani ISI played the crucial role, but that the CIA was there with money, some weapons, and a supportive posture.

And the world will live as one

by Montereyan (robert at calitics dot com) on Sat Sep 22nd, 2007 at 05:16:57 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I don't think that what Rashid was saying is that the CIA had an important role in the creation of the Taliban. More in its strengthening. (In fact I probably got the first-Bhutto-then-ISI version from another Rashid book.)

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Sun Sep 23rd, 2007 at 04:11:20 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Redstar, this is not a matter of believe or not. Representatives of the Taliban even visited Texas in 1997 to discuss the matter with Unocal -- and also Governor Dubya (which was taped, Michael Moore included it in Fahrenheit 9/11). The Clinton admin not only pursued the thing, but they and Unocal received strong feminist protests in reaction. Unocal then gave up at the end of 1998.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Sun Sep 23rd, 2007 at 04:22:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
the stories about Afghanistan being about oil are absurd - see one of my early diaries on dKos: why the afghanistan pipeline will not be built.

Turkmenistan has no oil, only gas.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes

by Jerome a Paris (etg@eurotrib.com) on Sat Sep 22nd, 2007 at 03:42:04 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Switch "natural gas" for "oil" then. I agree with your point that the politics of post-2001 Afghanistan are about FAR more than pipelines. But there are credible reports to suggest that in the 1990s US policy toward Afghanistan was based on energy and on keeping the Russians out, and that the CIA and some in the State Department saw the Taliban as a potentially stabilizing force that the US could live with. After 1998 that view dissipated, but it was there long enough to help direct actual aid to the Taliban, especially as they neared Kabul in '97.

And the world will live as one
by Montereyan (robert at calitics dot com) on Sat Sep 22nd, 2007 at 05:19:12 PM EST
[ Parent ]

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