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What happens if nothing is done?

It seems like bailout or no, the dollar is screwed and the recession doesn't go away. Why should the American tax payer be asked to borrow even more money to throw after bad paper?

Why not go from the bottom up and skip the bad paper? It is funny money — it has no value, obviously — so why should we prop it up. The U.S. could spend $700 billion to help ease the people's pain if the country slips into a depression, instead of bailing out Wall Street.

by Magnifico on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 06:40:07 PM EST
I believe the argument is that at that point the economy grinds to a complete halt. Banks stop lending, and call in loans whenever possible. Without credit lines existing businesses go bankrupt. Without the possibility of credit or capital, no new businesses get formed. That is the ensuing economic crunch is much worse. Sure, the majority of the crap that the financial industry has been playing with seems to be largely a way of shuffling money back and forth, leveraging up, and raking in the profits on a completely useless activity,  but capital markets also play a necessary role in our economy. In that way they're no different than any other industry that seeks to make money off of gambling on exotic paper - an electricity company which relies on derivatives trading for its income can go bankrupt. The derivatives trading, or at least most of it, was completely useless from society's perspective. But that doesn't mean we can do without energy supplies.
by MarekNYC on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 06:51:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
So why not have the U.S. government invest that $700 billion dollars directly to those businesses and not through private banks? Why should the government take on the bad paper so the banks can roll the dice again?

And most electric companies are guaranteed a profit because they are a state-sanctioned monopoly.

by Magnifico on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:12:22 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well if you look back, there were about  1 1/4 million houses in the US last year at some stage of the foreclosure process, an investment of somewhere south of 10 billion, maybe as low as 1 billion at an earlier stage of the process, could have helped the homeowners keep their heads above water and stopped the foreclosures, which would have prevented a lot of the paper turning toxic, and prevented much of the sorry mess.

but then that would never have worked, as it's a form of socialism.

Any idiot can face a crisis - it's day to day living that wears you out.

by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:24:35 PM EST
[ Parent ]
1 billion - that's less than $1000 per house in foreclosure at that stage, before administrative costs. Ten times that wouldn't have done much either. In any case the damn prices were completely unsustainable, they had to fall, and fall a lot.

Something close to that was Barney Frank's proposal to allow people to reduce their mortages to 85% of the current market value, The government pays the banks that 85%, the banks write off the rest, and the first x of any eventual gain on a later sale of the home goes to the government. Given foreclosure and resale costs, the banks effectively get more than what they'd get by foreclosing. The homeowners don't lose their home, and in the long term the government shouldn't lose that much money since it's holding mortgages at, on average about two thirds of the nominal peak price, with the right to capture much of the eventual upside. But the upfront costs would have been much more than ten billion. A very watered down version of this plan eventually passed, but it was done in a way that very few would qualify for paticipation.

by MarekNYC on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:44:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
well it's between 1 month and 10 months hoam loan payments, enough to get peoples heads back above water for a few months, Time to do something for themselves. if it had been put in last year before everything went really wrong, you dont have to pay off the full ammount if you act quick enough, just give the individuals aspace to help themselves. OK a lot won't be in a position to, but  it's better than the mess thats about now.

Any idiot can face a crisis - it's day to day living that wears you out.
by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:53:56 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Say I have a house with a 30 year $200,000 mortgage which has just been reset from 5.0% to 7.5%.

My payments go from $1084.19 to $1411.18 per month.

Let's foreclose on the house, put it into the hands of a "Custodian" and charge a reasonable "Capital Rental" to the "Occupier-formerly-known-as-Owner", and then index-link the rental.

At an initial "Capital Rental" of 4% the finance cost is $667 per month: at 3% $500.00 and so on.

Anything the Occupier pays in excess of the "Capital rental" due buys him Units, and if he wishes, he can always pay the Rental with Units if he doesn't want to, or can't, pay in cash.

The outcome is Units of a "quasi REIT" asset class which the owner of the distressed debt can sell off to long term investors.

The lower the Capital Rental is, the more affordable it is, and the more likely it will be paid.

I reckon a 2 to 3% (index-linked) return could be quite achievable for Units in a "Pool" of over a million homes....

Safe as Houses.....

"Any economic unit can emit money. The serious problem is to get it accepted" Hyman Minsky

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 09:27:57 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The subprime folks generally couldn't afford the house, period, unless you permanently reduce their payments. To make matters worse, most of the loans in trouble, subprime, alt-A, or prime are adjustable. In the latter two often option ARM's. That means ballooning payments. Folks often stretched themselves thin just to make the initial teaser rates.  Unless you foresee a sudden rise in incomes then all we're doing is paying money to the banks without doing anything about the underlying problem.
by MarekNYC on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 11:23:31 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, the problem is bad loans were made which means money was created (by the magic of fractional reserve banking) which shouldn't have. Now that money is going out of existence, making a number of companies and people bankrupt. You can allow those bankruptcies to take place and the money to disappear, or you can make good on those commitments by creating cash to back them up.

The second possibility leads to inflation, but it saves the institutions and allows the system to continue to function.

The first possibility would have knock-on effects as one company's bankruptcy immediately impairs assets on everyone else's balance sheet. You could conceivably end up with everyone filing for bankruptcy protection. That would also be a solution: if A owes money to B who owes money to C who owes money to A it can all be netted out to zero but the required disclosures will only take place if A, B, and C are all in bankruptcy court. But it everyone is bankrupt there will be no credit creation and, again, the economy will grind to a halt.

Another way to get the required "circular claims" disclosures to be made is for the government to pull a Roosevelt:

On March 5, 1933, the day after Roosevelt's inauguration, he called a special session of Congress which instituted a mandatory four-day bank holiday. This act provided for the reopening of banks after federal inspectors had declared them to be financially secure.
Just tell people that unless they all sit at a table with the Treasury Secretary and net out their outstanding bad claims, nobody will be allowed to continue in business.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:56:43 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Few "structured" securities and almost all the banks had capital (securities available for sale) tied up in railroad or utilities firms. Both of those operated under monopoly conditions, hiding ponzi earnings reporting schemes.

Diversity is the key to economic and political evolution.
by Cat on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 01:46:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Let's forget about the market rhetoric as it is just that, rhetoric.

The credit institutions have a wealth of information about the financial system (and those mortgages). You want to at least save the institutional memory in those banks.

This can be achieved by letting them all go bankrupt and then buying up the pieces. But the government would have to have a "public holding company" or something like that to be able to own companies. This is not the case.

Except that the Dodd plan creates that authority, while keeping within the market narrative and thus being palatable.

One more point: this bailout plan has been designed for the Financials, but other corporations will want in on it. When the SEC decided to ban short selling of Financial stocks, some industrial companies successfully lobbied to be included in the short ban. Who is to say that General Motors won't ask the Treasury to buy some Shitpile™ from it?

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 02:07:30 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The key word is palatable, Dodd is there to create a paltable program... ebcause somehow natioanlziation is not cosnidered palatable.

I ahve the feeling that nationalization would have a slightly higher chance to succeed... but a Dood program with a robert Reich approach investment during the transition has similar or higher.

IN any case, I am not still completely sure it woudl work..

So, Is Euroep , China and Japan ready for derivative meltdown? and for a huge contraction in US demand?

These are the two questions we should be worried here.
I know about Spain.. no big deal about the ocntraction demand, but given that we are in the same bubble process than the US, a credit default will eb really bad for Spain..

the US falls, Spain goes with it.. at least we make some kind of deal with the Chinese and convince them that we are in better shape than the US and can send ther saving around here :)

A pleasure

I therefore claim to show, not how men think in myths, but how myths operate in men's minds without their being aware of the fact. Levi-Strauss, Claude

by kcurie on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 10:01:05 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Marek, don't banks have to still do business and make a profit?  Perhaps the most entrepreneurial sectors get squeezed, but life goes on, does it not?  The entire spigot doesn't get turned off.

i get at least two calls a day from banks and funds around the world asking about windpower.  Some of them are probably reeling from the caps on short-selling, as well as investor bailing.  But they still want to put whatever funds remain into something productive.

Am i missing something here?

"Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage." - Anaïs Nin

by Crazy Horse on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:39:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The system hasn't collapsed, it's just in bad shape. If you allow a full collapse no more such calls until new banks get formed.
by MarekNYC on Tue Sep 23rd, 2008 at 07:46:48 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Are those banks exposed to the banks you want to see fail?

E.g., if Goldman Sachs defaults on its debt and the recovery rate is 5%, does your phone stop ringing?

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 01:58:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
One can't be sure, because i don't know how much good paper they or others have remaining.  But for certain, as any good hobo knows, the freight trains didn't stop running during the Depression.

When Gore ratchets up the renewable energy = fix the economy argument, trying to emulate Germany, we should at least manage to keep working.  Somebody will finance that growth.

Some bankers have told me that the flight from toxic capital to windpower is partly responsible for high valuations of the public companies.

"Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage." - Anaïs Nin

by Crazy Horse on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:05:07 AM EST
[ Parent ]
But for certain, as any good hobo knows, the freight trains didn't stop running during the Depression.

And neither will your wind turbines stop spinning, but how many new loans for the purchase of new freight trains were made during the Depression?

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:13:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
This is, of course, one of the great dangers: a depression could rob us of the capital and capacity required to refit the economy just when we most need it and drop the price of oil to a level that makes greening seem economically unnecessary.

Good luck selling wind turbines when the unemployment rate sky-rockets - unless someone persuades governments to indulge in a huge investment programme in the face of US$40 oil.

by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:28:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Good luck selling wind turbines when the unemployment rate sky-rockets - unless someone persuades governments to indulge in a huge investment programme in the face of US$40 oil.
Reconstructing the energy and transportation sectors and educating the next generation of scientists and engineers with incentive scholorships would be a 21st Century equivalent of the '30s WPA and similar projects along with the post WWII GI Bill.

As long as we do these things within our economy and don't require imported goods we should be readily able to finance it.  It is primarily a question of vision and political will.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."

by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 08:55:36 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Speaking form experience, even profitable business lines (like financing wind power) get squeezed when there is no liquidity.

We are being asked to reduce our activity, right now. Many other banks have been absent from the market from months already.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes

by Jerome a Paris (etg@eurotrib.com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 09:30:34 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I don't dispute that many, perhaps almost all banks, are "reducing activity."  But i find far more banks than 18 months ago are making serious inquiries and even investments in various windpower sectors.  Each individual bank may be diminishing funding, but the sum total is greater, perhaps far greater.  (There are no stats in this sector i am aware of.)

A bank still standing, thanks to its relationship with the current SecTreas, is exploring new markets for wind as we speak.

"Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage." - Anaïs Nin

by Crazy Horse on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:43:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
the economy grinds to a complete halt. Banks stop lending, and call in loans whenever possible. Without credit lines existing businesses go bankrupt. Without the possibility of credit or capital, no new businesses get formed. That is the ensuing economic crunch is much worse.

At that point, you might as well have the Fed lend money to the Treasury to give people credit.

If a credit system is central to the material provisioning of society, then we shall have a credit system. It may not look like the one we've had so far...

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 04:47:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]
For a portion of the $700 Billion Paulson is requesting we could have available credit by using that money as equity for new banks.  If the banks could pay back the equity, they could be independent.  Either way they could provide Trillions of new credit.  If existing credit is being destroyed, this would not necessarily be inflationary.  Once the new banks started functioning, the existing banks that are viable would have to start making loans or they would massively lose market share.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 09:01:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, at a 3% reserve ratio, $700bn allow over $20tn of credit. Just orders of magnitude here, but you get the picture.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Sep 25th, 2008 at 02:59:31 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I was being more conservative at a 15/1 ratio, but yeah, we don't have to take the dynamite enema route to solve this crisis, although that may be our leader's choice.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Thu Sep 25th, 2008 at 09:51:51 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The problem is that if a "compromise" is achieved on the Paulson/Dodd proposals on the Hill, even if all the economists in the land blog that it's a bad compromise, it will be adopted (by definition of "compromise"). And then when things go pear-shaped every commentator will blame the Bush administration, the Republicans or the Democrats according to their prejudices.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Sep 25th, 2008 at 10:12:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
And the really big problem with that is that the Bad Guys have many more pundits than we do.

- Jake

If you only spend 20 minutes of the rest of your life on economics, go spend them here.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Sep 25th, 2008 at 02:15:50 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The best answer I have read is Brad De Long's one.

The US is in the middle of a transtion in the economic model, from construction sector and services related plus debt, to one based on doing stuff to export, local services sector (where there is competition) with a low dollar and, hopefully, a more efficient Health-care system with exapanding jobs if Obama gets to enact his plan.

this change in job distribution structure needs time, and money to build the factories that never existed and the company structure for the services to slowly get market share from japanese and europeans int he local market thanks to the lower dollar.. so you need a bunch of money to start-up those companies.

Otherwise, it will not be a problem to let the banks go falling one after the other...with only the government as lender... but you precisely need the credit to make the transition.

So, it is clear that th other option is the full nationalziation of the US bank system... so either the Dodd bailout or nationalization. Otherwise I think the Us is in bigger than bigger trouble.

A pleasure

I therefore claim to show, not how men think in myths, but how myths operate in men's minds without their being aware of the fact. Levi-Strauss, Claude

by kcurie on Wed Sep 24th, 2008 at 09:04:21 AM EST
[ Parent ]

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