Two I can think of immediately are when the USS liberty was attacked off Egypt in '67, it was believed by the US fleet off turkey that it had been the russians. Protocol said the response had to be nuclear. The Admiral refused what was, in effect, a direct order.

In the late 80s the moscow missile defence received cnfirmation of a US missile launch. The man in charge could see no reason why the US would do so and believed it was a technical glitch and so held a response until the point when Moscow should have been hit by a missile. It later turned out it was a US radar test. For saving the world, the commander was demoted in disgrace.

keep to the Fen Causeway