how do banks work in the middle East now?
They work totally hypocritically. "Any economic unit can emit money. The serious problem is to get it accepted" Hyman Minsky
The harm entailed does not readily succumb to either immediate or future benefits purchased with the debt. The borrower's need is always less than the debt repaid. The lender profits from the neediness of the borrower.(Assuming the borrower honors his or her obligation, of course.)
Oddly enough, one underwriting maxim of P&C insurance is, the insured may not profit by the benefit claimed. Diversity is the key to economic and political evolution.
