b) Money.
However, the drawing power from people's batteries is not an example of something that requires social engineering: it just requires a deal. Someone plugs in and pays a certain price to be guaranteed 100% charge by a specified time or gets a substantial discount on energy cost to be guaranteed 80% charge at a specified time.
The discount is less money paid up front, the implicit cost is a long term factor - simple human nature ensures that there is some discount where there will be substantial take-up of the offer. I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.