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"He revisits the affair in which Sokal published a hoax essay in Social Text, attempting to show that postmodern leftist academic writing was, in short, lazy and harmful to the left."
Bad writing, since "attempting" refers back to Berube. Berube is not obviously attempting that. As a lead in to Berube's piece, I thought it was unfortunate, even if it was badly written. The actual text from Berube seemed to me exactly what I purported it to be, and not at all divergent from his critique of Sokal. The only divergence I read in that quotation was in Faris purporting to characterize Berube. That's why I objected to it.
The larger point I am making is that Berube is saying the rightwing has misused and mischaracterized poststructural arguments, and then he further goes on to say that the same thing has happened with Sokal's own arguments in the whole affair:
For instance, this piece, a .pdf: http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/berube_AmerSci_Jan-Feb_09.pdf
Read especially Berube's critique of Sokal's reading of scientist Sam Harris's pimping for Intelligent Design. There, Berube makes the case that the right's anti-scientific bent is as much a product of science's empiricism as it is on poststructualism's semiotic rhetoric.
Sokal replies to Berube's critique: "But I think the last part of your review is a bit off the mark, because (unlike Harris) I most definitely do not advocate a realist view of ethics in my book. Quite simply, I do not feel I know enough about the philosophy of ethics to adopt any position on the foundations of ethics. I therefore explicitly limit my philosophical discussion to cognitive questions (i.e. questions of fact) and avoid any discussion of ethics or aesthetics."
An odd position, since science studies is based in ethics, and he has embroiled himself in the question with the Hoax in the first place. If he is indeed "limiting" himself to questions of fact, all that he has demonstrated is that the editor of the journal is not very aware of scientific studies and principles. And yet the Hoax has been deemed an attack on these very questions of poststructural philosophy and ethics, which Sokal says he tries to delimit. Very odd.
In the Berube article posted on Democracy, it's pretty evident that Berube is addressing the RECEPTION of the Hoax, and not the Hoax itself. I would draw a distinction between the two. After all, Hitler loved Nietzsche--which to me seems a bastardization of enormous proportions.
Finally, you can see in the comments to that article the degree to which some scientists absolutely abhor any social critique of science. It's as though Oppenheimer really didn't say, "Behold, I am become death."
He revisits the affair in which Sokal published a hoax essay in Social Text, attempting to show that postmodern leftist academic writing was, in short, lazy and harmful to the left
It's a purely formal point, but that is indeed Faris in the blog Ted links to. I understood your comment to point to something Ted had said.
Secondly, I read that, not as Bérubé "attempting to show...", but Sokal. While you read:
Upstate NY:
"attempting" refers back to Berube. Berube is not obviously attempting that.
Purely formal, as I say, but it doesn't help discussion.
To your main point: I'm reading Bérubé with the pleasure that always gives me, and will attempt to report back.
The only thing "new" about the Berube and Sokal engagement is in considering the Hoax's reception 15 years later especially in light of the rightwing's anti-science/anti-Humanities crusade. Berube is saying that both have become useful dupes.
on a grammatical level, the characterization was attributed to Berube
Not to PN this to death, but there is no sound grammatical reason why "attempting" should refer to "He" (Bérubé) or to "Sokal", or to "essay". And sense is only made when it refers to Sokal and his essay, not to Bérubé.
But it's just quick bloggy writing, of course.
Post Hoax, Ergo Propter Hoax » American Scientist
But I [Bérubé] am convinced that theories of social justice are qualitatively different things than, say, neutrinos or Neptune. I'm therefore inclined to accept John Searle's distinction between the worlds of "brute fact" and "social fact," and to insist that in the world of social fact, things like "theories of social justice" are indeed socially constructed.This position puts me at odds with people such as Sam Harris, whom Sokal discusses at length in his chapter on religion. Harris writes, in The End of Faith,In philosophical terms, pragmatism can be directly opposed to realism. For the realist, our statements about the world will be "true" or "false" not merely in virtue of how they function amid the welter of our other beliefs, or with reference to any culture-bound criteria, but because reality simply is a certain way, independent of our thoughts. Realists believe that there are truths about the world that may exceed our capacity to know them; there are facts of the matter whether or not we can bring such facts into view. To be an ethical realist is to believe that in ethics, as in physics, there are truths waiting to be discovered--and thus we can be right or wrong in our beliefs about them."Postmodern" pragmatists such as Rorty and myself [Bérubé] think this is a truly unfortunate way of thinking about truths in human affairs.
But I [Bérubé] am convinced that theories of social justice are qualitatively different things than, say, neutrinos or Neptune. I'm therefore inclined to accept John Searle's distinction between the worlds of "brute fact" and "social fact," and to insist that in the world of social fact, things like "theories of social justice" are indeed socially constructed.
This position puts me at odds with people such as Sam Harris, whom Sokal discusses at length in his chapter on religion. Harris writes, in The End of Faith,
In philosophical terms, pragmatism can be directly opposed to realism. For the realist, our statements about the world will be "true" or "false" not merely in virtue of how they function amid the welter of our other beliefs, or with reference to any culture-bound criteria, but because reality simply is a certain way, independent of our thoughts. Realists believe that there are truths about the world that may exceed our capacity to know them; there are facts of the matter whether or not we can bring such facts into view. To be an ethical realist is to believe that in ethics, as in physics, there are truths waiting to be discovered--and thus we can be right or wrong in our beliefs about them.
"Postmodern" pragmatists such as Rorty and myself [Bérubé] think this is a truly unfortunate way of thinking about truths in human affairs.
My own view is close to Bérubé's - who goes on honestly to point out loopy postmodern behaviour (and this is the "pimping for ID"):
Case in point on the opposite side: Unwittingly bolstering Sokal's argument, one prominent science-studies scholar has recently weighed in on the side of people who believe in angels: Not long after enthusiastically blurbing Meera Nanda's book, saying "this first detailed examination of postmodernism's politically reactionary consequences should serve as a wake-up call for all conscientious leftists," sociologist of science Steve Fuller arrived in Dover, Pennsylvania, to testify in favor of the teaching of "intelligent design" in that school district's seventh-grade science curriculum. And he did so, tellingly, by deliberately confusing the context of discovery with the context of justification, arguing that intelligent design is worth pursuing partly because great scientists of the past--such as Newton--believed in God.So we have a science-studies scholar criticizing postmodernism and stumping for creationism, religious fundamentalists calling on God to smite the infidels, and "ethical realists" arguing for a moral absolutism. Sokal is appropriately alarmed by the first two of these phenomena, but, unfortunately, his book's closing argument--which, again, echoes that of Harris--is that all human beliefs should be judged by the degree to which they are supported by verifiable empirical evidence. That rationalist dog just won't hunt;
Case in point on the opposite side: Unwittingly bolstering Sokal's argument, one prominent science-studies scholar has recently weighed in on the side of people who believe in angels: Not long after enthusiastically blurbing Meera Nanda's book, saying "this first detailed examination of postmodernism's politically reactionary consequences should serve as a wake-up call for all conscientious leftists," sociologist of science Steve Fuller arrived in Dover, Pennsylvania, to testify in favor of the teaching of "intelligent design" in that school district's seventh-grade science curriculum. And he did so, tellingly, by deliberately confusing the context of discovery with the context of justification, arguing that intelligent design is worth pursuing partly because great scientists of the past--such as Newton--believed in God.
So we have a science-studies scholar criticizing postmodernism and stumping for creationism, religious fundamentalists calling on God to smite the infidels, and "ethical realists" arguing for a moral absolutism. Sokal is appropriately alarmed by the first two of these phenomena, but, unfortunately, his book's closing argument--which, again, echoes that of Harris--is that all human beliefs should be judged by the degree to which they are supported by verifiable empirical evidence. That rationalist dog just won't hunt;
This leaves me a touch mystified by your reference to Harris and ID (a Google search for some other place where Bérubé discussed this has your comment above in first place among the search results..!).
Overall, here and in the longer and more recent The Science Wars Redux, (which is dated Winter 2011 and is perhaps the recent revisit you mentioned), I find Bérubé's attitude towards Sokal balanced, even conciliatory:
Michael Bérubé for Democracy Journal: The Science Wars Redux
But what of Sokal's chief post-hoax claim that the academic left's critiques of science were potentially damaging to the left? That one, alas, has held up very well, for it turns out that the critique of scientific "objectivity" and the insistence on the inevitable "partiality" of knowledge can serve the purposes of climate-change deniers and young-Earth creationists quite nicely. That's not because there was something fundamentally rotten at the core of philosophical anti-foundationalism (whose leading American exponent, Richard Rorty, remained a progressive Democrat all his life), but it might very well have had something to do with the cloistered nature of the academic left.
What he's interested in, it seems to me, is getting out of a sterile face-off between a "hard-science" left and a "social-relativist" left (my approximate terms) and into something more positive, like making the world a better place, that science twinned with socio-cultural understanding may address. And:
the world really is divvied up into "brute fact" and "social fact," just as philosopher John Searle says it is, but the distinction between brute fact and social fact is itself a social fact, not a brute fact, which is why the history of science is so interesting.
One, I was wrong about Harris. I meant the other guy, Fuller is the ID pimp.
But Berube uses Fuller as an example of empiricist craziness, not Postmodern craziness. That's why he brought him up in the first place.
This is what he says:
So we have a science-studies scholar criticizing postmodernism and pimping for creationism ... and ethical realists calling for moral absolutism.
Read your longer quote again. Berube is saying that Fuller (the loopy one) believes postmodernism's politically reactionary consequences should concern leftists. In other words, he critiques postmodernity. Berube characterizes him as an ethical realist, a group he situates within the realms of scientific empiricism. The passage is a bit confusing because he writes that Fuller unwittingly bolsters Sokal's argument. Unwittingly why? Well, in the first place, he's a science-studies scholar who--according to Berube--gets it wrong. But Berube continues and wonders why scientists such as Sokal are not dismissive of ethical realists such as Fuller. It's only reserved for poststructuralists.
As for the last bit, I'll emphasize again that he is referring to the REACTION to the hoax, and not the essence of the hoax. I seriously doubt his critique of the essence of the hoax has changed. It couldn't have since Sokal misrepresented the people he was reading in the same manner that he argued science-studies people were misreading science. It was the blind talking to the blind. The reaction to the hoax is interesting. I can't say it isn't. But Berube is saying that not only has science-studies been co-opted, butt hat so has Sokal. He has. I mentioned David Horowitz. People trot out Sokal all the time.
We live in an insipid media-dominated culture in which anyone with anything complex to say is drowned out instantly. I would say that it all becomes reducible, science-studies and science itself. If you read the American Right's "rigorous" rationale's for almost any position--whether we should be shooting immigrants like pigs, or whether rape is a young girl's fault, or whatever flavor of the week they are bloviating against--well clearly this is a problem of something other than insular academia. The levels of philosophical discussion in this debate do have an impact on the culture, but not an immediate one and certainly one that can be extrapolated and distorted. But to say it can be is not to say that it should be. My Hitler and Nietzsche analogy was meant to convey this idea.
Now I'll be forced to go into Zizek in depth here, but maybe not until later on.
Which no one here has claimed, and the depravity of the right has nothing to do with Zizek's bullshit, lack thereof, or relevance in general.
you are the media you consume.
he is referring to the REACTION to the hoax, and not the essence of the hoax.
Well, that's what matters, imo. The hoax was carried out with an intention, and how it was received/perceived is arguably the most important thing about it. From that angle, Bérubé is arguing for a necessary end to hostilities of the kind ThatBritGuy alludes to:
ThatBritGuy:
I remain mystified why both sides are attacking each other while academic economics continues to drive the world over a cliff.
Bérubé (again!):
it [the hoax] may have helped set the terms for an eventual rapprochement, leading both humanists and scientists to realize that the shared enemies of their enterprises are the religious fundamentalists who reject all knowledge that challenges their faith and the free-market fundamentalists whose policies will surely scorch the earth
A fitting conclusion on Bérubé, for me. On Zizek, if you want to write on him, great. I won't promise to read his books, though...
I'd disagree to the extent that it's not the free-market and religious fundies who are the problem, but the processes by which their ideas become influential.
See earlier comments about Dawkins, etc. I think attacking the ideas on their own terms is tangential, because the ideas are disposable and can be replaced by other idiocies at short notice.
The underlying power relationships - the means by which the ideas can influence populations and eventually direct policy choices - are far more relevant to a social critique, because it's the processes themselves that create conformity and leverage.
The hoax was carried out with an intention, and how it was received/perceived is arguably the most important thing about it.
There is a well organized anti-academic attack in the USA funded by corporate and ideological interests. My younger brother has a friend who makes attack dog propaganda films, and for some reason he sends me an email of his latest release. He accidentally includes ccs and an email list. The names of some very prominent people, including the funders of the attack on academia are on it. In the USA, there are student groups dedicated to taping their professors' lectures waiting for a gotcha moment. In 99% of the cases, the moments are edited for maximum propaganda value.
I think the kinds of distortions that occur AFTER an event cannot be the responsibility of those who set it into motion, so I disagree with Berube there. The distortions serve a political purpose which exists prior to the event. Here, I find myself defending Sokal because I think his hoax has been used as a tool by rightwingers to bludgeon leftwingers. The actual hoax itself was a tempest in a teapot. You get much more vociferous banter in a quarterly journal. In this case, the scandal of a hoax is what got people interested. If Sokal had taken on the science studies people head-on, no one would have ever heard about it. The hoax itself was really easy pickings for a non-peer reviewed journal.
The rightwing will say anything. In order to prevent your words from being misused, you shouldn't say anything.
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