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For example in Sweden in the 40ies there was (of course) a black market but it seems to mostly have involved the usual small-time criminals and one of the few cases of corrupt official I remember was very low in the hierarchy (stole coupons that was to be discarded, iirc) and was punished with jailtime. A vote for PES is a vote for EPP! A vote for EPP is a vote for PES! Support the coalition, vote EPP-PES in 2009!
- Jake If you only spend 20 minutes of the rest of your life on economics, go spend them here.
Ante Marković - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
He became prime minister in March 1989 following the resignation of Branko Mikulić. After that decision had become public, the U.S. had anticipated cooperation because Marković was known "to favor market-oriented reforms" [4] - the BBC declared that he is "Washington's best ally in Yugoslavia".[5] At the end of the year, Marković launched a new and ambitious program of unprecedented economic reforms, including stabilization of currency and privatization, as well as a program of limited trade liberalization. The result of his monetary reform was a temporary halt to inflation leading to a short-lived rise in Yugoslavia's otherwise plummeting standard of living. Nonetheless, the short-term effect of economic reforms undertaken by Marković led to a decline in Yugoslavia's industrial sector. Numerous bankruptcies occurred as the state-owned enterprises struggled to compete in a more free market environment, a fact later wielded against Marković by his many ethnic nationalist political opponents. By 1990, the annual rate of growth in GDP had declined to -7.5%. In 1991, GDP declined by a further 15 percent and industrial output decreased by 21 percent.
There were many articles about grandmothers in Serbia who had always warned their children to keep their woodburning stoves. There were a great many in use during the 1990s.
Don't make fun of me for getting my information from a comic book but, in Joe Sacco's "Safe Area Gorazde," Sacco goes to great lengths to write on some of the contraptions built to keep energy flowing. The people of Gorazde, surrounded on all sides, used jerry-rigged hydroelectric barges that were each connected to individual homes. Sacco drew a river full of them.
You can see the pictures here of the mini-centrales:
http://thefunambulist.net/2012/04/18/bosnia-gorazdes-mini-centrales-self-sufficiency-in-war-time/
http://www.transparentnost.org.rs/dokumenti/d012.html
If we for the moment forget about sanctions as such and just take in to account consequences of austerity, there are things to be learned here. Our conservative leaders somehow have fate in private sector but all I can say is hahahaha... With a globalization in place private investors are running around the globe and even if it is hard to follow the money it is kind of visible for those who want to see.Because money is hard to hide...
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