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http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GL15Dj01.html
As contradictory as it may seem, fascist dictatorship was made possible because of the flawed notion of freedom which held sway during the era of laissez-faire capitalism in the early twentieth century. It was the liberals of that era that clamored for unfettered personal and economic freedom, no matter what the cost to society. Such untrammeled freedom is not suitable to civilized humans. It is the freedom of the jungle. In other words, the strong have more of it than the weak. It is a notion of freedom which is inherently violent, because it is enjoyed at the expense of others. Such a notion of freedom legitimizes each and every increase in the wealth and power of those who are already powerful, regardless of the misery that will be suffered by others as a result. The use of the state to limit such "freedom" was denounced by the laissez-faire liberals of the early twentieth century. The use of the state to protect such "freedom" was fascism. Just as monopoly is the ruin of the free market, fascism is the ultimate degradation of liberal capitalism.
Some friendly amendments from a Veblenian perspective.
3) Veblen wrote that the desire for status emulation was second only to the survival instinct in most folks--and sometime not even in second place. "Remember the I35W bridge--who needs terrorists when there are Republicans"
Like Talcott Parson, I know he's making an important point, it's just that hacking through the mental undergrowth to get at it is difficult.
About John Bates Clarke.
I'm studying political science, there's this tacit, but very real competition going on right now about the extent rational choice paradigms have been allowed to choke out all other theory in the American sub-field.
I worked as a research assistant for the principal instigator on the rational choice side.
I find the intolerance which proponents of rational choice (utility maxmizing) paradigms show towards explanations that do not suppose utility maximization and individualist ontology to be behind political phenomena to be ironic given their presentation that they are the defenders of liberty and academic freedom.
I think that unless we recognize that reduction of human life to the narrow construct of utility maximization was responsible for most of the horrors of the 20th century we are damned to repeat it. And that is far more than an academic concern. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
As for the so-called "rational" choice crowd, I find their worldview less convincing than that of a Southern Baptist. At least the Baptists know how to make music ;-) "Remember the I35W bridge--who needs terrorists when there are Republicans"
The biggest problem I have with Veblen is that he takes 20 big words to convey something that could have been said with two small words.
I really hate rational choice. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
When confronted with the "what do YOU propose?" question, Veblen came up with three motivations he thought more economically important than utility:
Not only are the utility extremists batshit insane, they cause GREAT harm to both people and the biosphere. Our only hope is to ridicule them out of the legitimate debate on our economic future.
And as you know, utility extremists lie thick on the ground throughout the Anglo-American academic world. In fact, an unquestioned belief in utility is one of the boundary maintaining mechanisms of the profession. We have lost a whole generation of economists to the cult of utility. The damage has literally been incalculable. "Remember the I35W bridge--who needs terrorists when there are Republicans"
What astounds me is how potent the influence of this tacky nonsense about rational individual choice and maximum utility has been for two centuries now. Life is infinitely more complex. And less "free" (in the sense "liberty"). But there perhaps lies the appeal - simple faith de-stresses and fills with hope a situation that, for most people, would give rise to anxiety and depression if recognized for what it is.
http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/
The experiment mentioned above was discussed a couple of weeks ago, but I don't have the exact link.
He mostly finds interesting news or commentary items with an economic angle and excerpts them and sometimes frames them as well.
He seldom argues with those who comment, but the regulars manage to generate enough heat amongst themselves.
There are a few other economists who have also started blogs and they are now starting to quote one another, so his site will also lead you to others.
There are a few people from outside the US who contribute and I think if a few more participated it could only be a good thing. Policies not Politics ---- Daily Landscape
Two students pair up. The first one is given 10$. He has to give a number of dollars to the second student; if the second student accepts, they both keep what the first student allocated each of them; if the second student refuses, they get nothing.
Economic theory would suggest that as long as the second student gets one dollar, he is better off, and will accept any split. Practice, again, shows that students were willing to forego their dollars if they felt the split was too unfair.
Can't find the references right now, but it's quite famous. In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
The experiment seems based on the condition that the second student doesn't know the first is under obligation. The kind of asymmetric information that is encountered everywhere, every day, in real life, and is one of the reasons why reality is much more complicated than hocus-pocus economic theory.
You could extend the example and say that the guy stands outside the pizza place asking people going in if they want a third pizza very very cheap?
They give him the money, he tells them about the offer.
THAT'S the knowledge economy...
Question.
Is the guy "productive" or is the knowledge "productive" ?
"The future is already here -- it's just not very evenly distributed" William Gibson
Related to a recent comment on asymmetric power in games:
Jerome a Paris:A game of bluff and bluster for extravagant rewardYour chances in this world are proportional to the size of your bankroll: the house wins by virtue of being the house.
A game of bluff and bluster for extravagant rewardYour chances in this world are proportional to the size of your bankroll: the house wins by virtue of being the house.
Again this is why I wish leftists would take the field more seriously - holding on to the blank slate means that the conservatives get to misinterpret the data in their own image. In this case I think it helps demonstrate that the level effort required to indoctrinate people into believing that CEO's deserve $100 million a year is even higher than believed.
you are the media you consume.
One person offers a share of a known quantity, say, $100, to a second. The second person knows that they can accept or reject the offer. If player 2 accepts, both receive the reward in the agreed proportion. If the second player rejects the offer, both receive nothing.
Just because I know you love graphs...
From Gamelab, Harvard:
Number of players: 30 (15 games) Mean proposal: 39 ± 10.7 Distribution of proposals:
Notes The vast majority (73%) offers 40 or 50 points. Surprisingly one offer of 40 is rejected Comments The rational strategy is to offer 1 point, and to accept everything. In reality, offers below 30% get mostly rejected. In a vast majority of studies conducted with different incentives in different countries, some 60-80% of proposers offer between 40% and 50% of the total sum, and only 3% of proposers offer less than 20%. Conversely, some 50% of responders reject offers below 30% of the total.
The 'rational', material, utility-maximising response for the proposee is to accept anything offered, even one unit out of 100.
People don't. There appears to be a payoff in depriving the maker of an unfair offer of his/her share, even at cost to oneself.
A repeated scenario would look pretty much, I'd say, like the iterated prisoner's dilemma
The classical prisoner's dilemma:
Two suspects, A and B, are arrested by the police. The police have insufficient evidence for a conviction, and, having separated both prisoners, visit each of them to offer the same deal: if one testifies for the prosecution against the other and the other remains silent, the betrayer goes free and the silent accomplice receives the full 10-year sentence. If both stay silent, both prisoners are sentenced to only six months in jail for a minor charge. If each betrays the other, each receives a five-year sentence. Each prisoner must make the choice of whether to betray the other or to remain silent. However, neither prisoner knows for sure what choice the other prisoner will make. So this dilemma poses the question: How should the prisoners act?
In this one-off situation the rational choice is to betray, because your rational colleague will have come to the same conclusion...
However, when the situation is repeated, between two or many participants, co-operation tends to evolve:
when these encounters were repeated over a long period of time with many players, each with different strategies, greedy strategies tended to do very poorly in the long run while more altruistic strategies did better, as judged purely by self-interest.
So I suspect the experimental result is consistent with people playing as if they were playing an iterated version of the ultimatum game, even if they are aware the rules say the game is a one-off thing. Can the last politician to go out the revolving door please turn the lights off?
Might it just be that status is better at explaining social phenomena than utility.
First I want to proofread, and maybe edit a little.
I expect that it will start a vigorous discussion, and that the utilitarians (the libertarians being the most virulent strain thereof) will come out in force. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
Folks who hope to explain everything with a few simple rules tend to omit a LOT if the situation is complex. The desire for economics to find ONE economic motivation for human behavior is why Neo-Classical economics can be most accurately described as a lame theology. "Remember the I35W bridge--who needs terrorists when there are Republicans"
then it will become apparent if the site is worth getting involved with. Ever since I learnt about confirmation bias I've started seeing it everywhere
A bus driver.
When this diary talks about social mobility, the underlying assumption is that people want to go up the social ladders, and not down. Of course going down is generally easier and with less blockades hence we don't talk about it too much.
Not being anymore in the Netherlands I didn't really experience the whole ruckus around the Dutch future-bus driver - but the fact that there was ruckus and I read about it made we wonder. What was so puzzling that someone wanted to become a bus driver? Clearly this guy's talent could be put to work on other places but perhaps he sees no difference in, say, becoming a politician or a bus driver. A politician is supposed to take responsibility of the people of its country; a bus driver takes responsibility of the people inside its bus. Difference in quantity - but different in utility? Both professions are responsible for people. I hope the guy just picked what he thinks makes him happy. Perhaps within 5 years time he's going bonkers behind the steering wheel, but that's then.
But this is how I'd like my society to be: no one should look up estranged that someone wants to climb down.
My main point is that when we focus on utility, we see poverty as the social problem.
When we focus on status, we see inequality as the social problem.
And when we apply the tenets of democracy and "libery" we get different results.
I don't see anything wrong with this guy who wanted to be a bus driver.
I'll be honest, there are days I wish I had become a carpenter like my father did.
About status, I would say that if we recognize that the problem of class in society is something deeper than income and wealth, we make a giant leap towards creating a society where the principals of equality that we apply to persons as citizens, to person as workers as well.
I intended this to be a rant against inequality, I'm not sure I entirely succeeded. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
Or, to paraphrase Spiderman, "with great capacities comes greater responsibility" In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
;-) In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
But optimisatin of the use of any resource is not necessarily marketistic. It can also simply be good hygiene. In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
What about ancient economies like the Greek oikos, or the manorial system?
And is utility maxmization fundamentally an emperical matter or a normative matter?
If the latter, are not the illusions of economics to be a natural science rather than social philosophy misguided? And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
If we look to those countries that have been most successful in creating equality, the Scandanavians, we find that they all possess this cultural concept of lagom, enough, which means that economies exist only to provide enough so that we are comfortable.
It gives real meaning to the question, "Live to work, or work to live?" And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
Fuck off.
I feel much better now. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
Efficiency is also about avoiding waste, which is a concept that is needed if you take sustainability seriously.
I think that nature is actually a lot more ruthless than any neo-lib when it comes to not wasting resources, or "putting them to use". In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
People are not (human) resources.
Paraphrasing Kant, the foundation of ethics is that people are ends unto themselves, not means.
Sorry. Can the last politician to go out the revolving door please turn the lights off?
Is that just Hollywood propaganda? In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
(Obviously I'm exaggerating and the use you mention is entirely correct. It's just that the equality comes at a price.) -----sapere aude
Note: the OR is Inclusive.
"Equality comes at a price." True and I do not disagree. I submit rampant individualism also comes at a price. Sweden, if I may, is the poster child for the Price of Equality while the US is the shining example of the Price of Rampant Individualism. Having had my fill of the latter I wouldn't mind, at all, a goodly dollop of the former. Given what you, and others, have posted it is apparent Your Mileage most certainly Does Vary. Once again, I do not take issue with that. I would maintain there is much to admire in the 'Scandinavian Model' but neither do I have any illusions about it. As much as I detest the 'US Model' I still recognize there are good things about it as well.
Over the next 50 years, or so, tho' I fully expect these two systems to be challenged. I further expect the 'Swedish Model' to be the superior system and the basis of that superiority is lagom. What I don't expect is innovative methods for dealing with the challenges to come from a Swedish Model but I do expect them from the US Model.
But the general level of pain and suffering will be greater under the US Model. Ever since I learnt about confirmation bias I've started seeing it everywhere
And I agree that the solution lies nearer the "Swedish" model than the US one. "The future is already here -- it's just not very evenly distributed" William Gibson
For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required.
Luke 12:48 "Remember the I35W bridge--who needs terrorists when there are Republicans"
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