European Tribune

More on class war and inequality

by Jerome a Paris
Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 08:32:08 AM EST

Yesterday, I wrote a diary which attempted to show that growing income and wealth inequality in the US meant that the average American was no richer than the average European, despite much higher GDP per capita.

Last summer, I wrote a diary with a number of graphs showing how a very small fraction of the population was capturing most of the income. A new study (again, by Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez) was published this month by NBER which updates some of these graphs (I purchased it here) and they provide more relevant information.

From the diaries


That graph above is pretty amazing in that it shows that the income of the very richest (we're talking about approximately 10,000 people here) has increased massively in the past 25 years - which is not unexpected - but that this increase has come mostly from the increase in salaries (which include bonuses and other forms of indirect compensation).

This is part of the "winner take all" economy: the most successful top executives, traders, newscasters, sportspeople, etc... get huge incomes, which are larger by orders of magnitude than those of others in the same sector, simply because they are the best known and the most visible, and capture most of the loot (there's no other word). There is a successful second tier that does well also (but nowhere nearly as much), and everybody else is left behind:

(This is an update of a graph in last summer's diary, which went only to 1998)

Despite the hit taken by the very richest in 2001-2002 (most likely from the crash of the markets, the aftershocks of the Enron scandal and the - temporary - consequences on executive compensation), the share of the top 10% has been steadily rising since, you guessed it, 1980.

This is not just about "fairly rewarding success". As noted in yesterday's diary, the top 10% captured half of the growth in income in the past 40 years, and the top 1% captured more than the bottom 50%. This is having a real macroeconomic impact: if you take out the very rich, growth over the past 40 years has been effectively divided by 2 for everybody else.

This is not about free markets. This is about class warfare, and one class is clearly winning. "Reform" means exclusively "fewer jobs", "less paid jobs" and "fewer rights for workers", and the results are all too visible: growth - for the rich.

And the Piketty and Saez study shows that this is essentially an US, and to a lesser extent an English-speaking world phenomenon:

So if you wonder why the dominant discourse in the business press is that France and Japan (and Germany, which I expect is in the same position) have "stagnant" or "rigid" or "unefficient" economies, remember that they are rigid and unefficient FOR THE RICH.

Defend France. Defend unions. Defend workers. Defend workers' rights. Defend government programmes (the liberal kind, not the horribly corrupt and wasteful Bush-Cheney kind). It's all part of the same ideological fight. It's all part of the same class war.

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Don't forget to go recommend on dKos if you liked this diary: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/2/12/145549/766

And should we re-open the debate on the "Anglo-Saxon" model...?

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes

by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:07:29 PM EST
  • flag how dangerous this model is for society;
  • identify the model with Thatcher and Reagan and the ideological groups that follow them;


In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:09:00 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Absolutely agreed.

This is great evidence gathering on your part.

Perhaps we should try and calculate GDP of the bottom 99.9% for the US, UK, France, Japan and Germany over the last 30? years? Maybe that will give the argument some further impetus.

A particular point to note is that the spending and investing habits of the top 0.1% are distinctively international (think Cayman Islands, Monaco, etc.) Thus, whilst the US or the UK may take pride in the wealth of their top 0.1% it not likely they will truly benefit from their spending even...

by Metatone (metatone [a|t] gmail (dot) com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:40:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Excellent, just excellent.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:33:24 PM EST
This is not about free markets. This is about class warfare, and one class is clearly winning. "Reform" means exclusively "fewer jobs", "less paid jobs" and "fewer rights for workers", and the results are all too visible: growth - for the rich.

Exactly the way I feel it.

The struggle of man against tyranny is the struggle of memory against forgetting.(Kundera)

by Elco B (elcob at scarlet dot be) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:41:40 PM EST
The big question is why those who are getting screwed economically don't protest more. During the last period of US excessive greed (1890-1920) there was a grass roots movement aimed at political and economic reform: the Progressive movement.

It didn't win many elections, but it forced a national discussion of the effects of the inequality. This was backed by a strong social program in the press - the so called "muckrakers". These two movements managed to promote a reform agenda led by Teddy Roosevelt which brought us the anti-trust legislation, the clean food and drug laws, the right of labor to organize and the regulation of the stock market. In addition the establishment of the personal income tax and the estate tax did much to limit the amount of personal wealth that could be accumulated. At one point the top marginal tax rate was over 90%, for example.

Why those suffering a loss in their standard of living are so passive is one of the big mysteries of the age. Writers like Thomas Frank ("What's the Matter with Kansas") have tried to attribute it to a diversion from self-interested economics to "values" issues like abortion and gay marriage. But, while this may be a factor, it doesn't seem an adequate explanation. Being hit in the wallet usually gets a person's full attention.


Policies not Politics
---- Daily Landscape

by rdf (robert.feinman@gmail.com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 03:58:34 PM EST
Two factors, in my opinion. One is personal identification with the wealthy. The other is the identification of wealth redistribution with socialism, and of socialism with totalitarianism.

The two are related. When you identify with the wealthy you lose solidarity as a value.


A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 04:05:40 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, an obvious difference between then and now was the arrangement of the media. In those days, a lot of newspapers made a lot of their money from readers. That meant there was a large incentive to fill any gaps in the ideological spectrum. A bunch of dissatisfied "Progressives" would buy papers that talked about their concerns. (Also factor in that unions, movements and other organisations held more power in society.)

In our time, the media has more influence and they make their money from advertisers. There is no reason for them to reflect the distress in certain people's pockets. So, they don't. Thus, it forms discourse in other arenas, like blogs and even bars I suspect, but doesn't make it to the political agenda. Of course this failure is also attributable to the failure of the opposition party (Dems) to actually bang the drum about the issue...

by Metatone (metatone [a|t] gmail (dot) com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 04:07:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I think blanket media saturation is the key. Don't forget that the average non-rich citizen is bombarded by a propaganda blitz of saturation nonsense like Big Brother and endless marketing speak. Politics is increasingly seen as a branch of reality TV rather than something that's personal - in the way that choosing a car or a bigger widescreen TV is supposedly a personal lifestyle choice.

The lack of personal connection is probably the one thing that most needs to be changed. When factory workers worked together, it was hard not to feel personal solidarity. When most people have supposedly middle class office jobs where they're supposed to compete with their co-workers, solidarity becomes much harder to organise.

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 05:12:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Exactly.  That is the lesson I take from The Matrix.  We in the West, and particularly in the USA, are all plugged firmly into the Matrix.  The connection is not a jack in the back of our skulls.  It is the hypnotic, flickering screen of our TVs.  Yet our total immersion in an alternate reality created by those who own the media is no less real.

Somewhere in cyberspace, the ghost of de Chardin is smiling.
by budr on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 06:50:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Defend France. Defend unions. Defend workers. Defend workers' rights. Defend government programmes (the liberal kind, not the horribly corrupt and wasteful Bush-Cheney kind). It's all part of the same ideological fight. It's all part of the same class war.

Yes.  YES.  YES!!!!

You know I just saw Tout va bien last night for the first time and it got me thinking about things.  Well, it got me thinking about how they just don't make films like that anymore, but it also got me thinking about how the French were in fact able to integrate a lot of the Mai '68 ideology into their government and culture and how the babyboomers of America rather threw up their hands after the 60's and took a "if you can beat 'em join 'em" attitutde.  Many exceptions in both cases but so interesting to see how all the "liberals" in Western world were on the same page in '68 and to see where Europe, specifically France, went and where America went.

And for those who don't know, though I bet you all do, most of you being older than I, Tout va bien is a political & satirical film about class warfare in France after May '68.  Good stuff.

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 04:31:45 PM EST
I'll take screams of joy from you where I can get them.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 04:40:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, you know, class warfare is a big turn on for me...

But what do you think of my comments on the post-'68 thing?  Why is it still ok to use the term class war in France but not in America?  Or is it?  Someone shoud write a diary on this.  Not us.  We are too young.  But someone should.  Any mature lurkers with perspective on this?

And what do you think of Godard?  ...Ok, you don't have to answer that.

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Sun Feb 12th, 2006 at 11:21:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
If I remember correctly, the May 1968 "revolution" was a complete failure. The elections of June or July of that year showed the left getting it's collective ass kicked in, and the right ruled supreme until 1981.

In fact the only place the Left did well that year was Canada, and they had a charismatic leader with a government already in place.

The "liberals" were most definately NOT on the same page in 1968. Had they been Hubert Humphrey would have been elected president and the world would have been much better. The Left elected Nixon. They wanted to punish the evil American people for Vietnam with Nixon and then they  managed to do it.

Also, people don't want to be poor. That sounds like a stupid truism, but we boomers wanted what was best for our children. Is that bad?

There is no class war going on, there's an international war for labor, and if manufacturing goes elsewhere, then what?

by messy on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 10:38:03 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Also, people don't want to be poor. That sounds like a stupid truism, but we boomers wanted what was best for our children. Is that bad?

Not working out too well is it?

by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 10:39:33 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I was referring to the fact that there were simultaneous movements across the globe in '68 to address social and economic inequality.  Almost 40 years later, actual "socialist" policies have been implemented in European countries and unions and workers' rights have continued to be taken seriously there, and I am thinking of France in particular, whereas in America, to even suggest that there is class strife is now considered subversive, even in the wake of Katrina.

I'm not suggesting there was immediate success of the '68 events, but that the ideas behind them perservered in Europe and were discarded in America.

So far as not wanting your kids to be poor, I think the French would agree.  Proof would be that less of theirs are ...
 

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 11:25:56 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Here are some statistics :http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?_pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL& amp;screen=detailref&language=en&product=EUROIND_LM&root=EUROIND_LM/euro_lm/lm_un/lm010r t] [unemployment]>

If the link doeson't work, then we can just have these:

 French unemployment declined for a fourth month in December, falling to 9.5 percent, the lowest in almost three years. The jobless rate stood at a 5 1/2 year high of 10.2 percent in the three months through May 2005.

 The  British unemployment rate rose to 5 percent in December, up from 4.9 percent a month earlier.

German unemployment jumped to 12.1 percent in January,

Italy's was 7.5% in September and the Burlusconi government has withheld statistics ever since.

the US and Japan are at 4.7 and 4.4.

In other words, the non-"Anglo-Saxon" big three in Europe, are doing horribly compared the the US, UK, and Japan. The EU as a whole has an 8.8% unemployement rate, and that's the proper comparison.

by messy on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 02:42:48 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Use the OECD or ILS numbers. The ones you're quoting aren't comparable at all.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 03:14:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I just followed your link. The numbers on the referenced page are the correct ones. They show Germany at 9.5% unemployment.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 03:15:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]
And France at 9.2%
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 03:16:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Horribly in terms of unemployment, yes.  Though when one includes the percentage of unemployed not on the unemployment rolls in the US, the figure is closer to 9%.

Other standards by which we can judge the health of the workforce are

Minimum Wage: US: 39% of the av. wage
              EU: 53% of the av, wage

Poverty: US: 17% live below poverty line
         France: 8% live below poverty line

Income inequality: The US ranks 24th among developed nations when it comes to gulf between the rich and the poor.  Only Mexico and Russia rank lower.

Quality of life: The average American works more hours, gets less vacation time, gets less paid leave for illness, maternity, etc., and is not guaranteed affordable access to healthcare as compared to most Europeans.

And how do these numbers impact the health of these nations' respective economies?  France has the 3rd best productivity numbers in the world, after Belgium and Norway.

All this information and sources can be found in Jeremy Rifkin's "The European Dream."

There are also numerous diaries on these subjects throught this site.  Tons of information.

There is nothing wrong with saying we can do better and learn from others.  And that's what I'm saying.  I'm not saying the boomers or America sucks.  I'm just saying the boomers and America deserve the same quality of life as the people of Europe.  And I'd say we deserved such a quality of life even if it weren't being enjoyed in Europe.

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 03:16:45 PM EST
[ Parent ]
OK, I'll give a US mature viewpoint. First, I think in the US we have the illusion that we have a classless society.  If you work hard enough, you can pull yourself up by your bootstraps-rugged individualism.

Second, I think a lot of folks think they are wealthier than they really are.  We think we have a higher standard of living than anywhere else in the world.  And, so long as we don't leave the US, this misinformation works.  And, we don't know any languages so if we do travel we can't really communicate with anyone who doesn't speak English.  I spent two weeks in Germany this summer and was surprised at the modernity.  The roads were so smooth as opposed to all the pot holes/uneven surface here in Ohio.  I travelled a bit by train and never saw any of the poverty or poor living conditions as I see here.

Somehow, the fundamentalist churches have gotten more press than the mainstream churches.  And, those folks have been convinced that abortion and gays are more important than anything else.  They are distrustful of Muslims, Democrats, Europeans, etc.  Evolution is anti-Christian.  Pat Robertson thinks he knows the mind of God.

Sometimes, I think I'm in a bad dream.

Peace

by tobysmom (tobysmom) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 12:12:45 AM EST
First, I want to congratulate you on the mature viewpoint. I wish more Americans could realise and admit what you just did.

I have been twice in the US (11 months altogether) and I was surprised how well the propaganda machine was working for you. Some people really believed in the American dream.

I think a lot of folks think they are wealthier than they really are.  We think we have a higher standard of living than anywhere else in the world.

On the other hand, that actually might be good in a way. At least, it is the better case than having the Eastern European negativism. Some recent polls in Bulgaria showed that most people perceive themselves as poorer than they really are.

That is why they are sooooo unhappy, complaining all the time about everything (believe me, it is worse than the Texas-minded population, not that I have something against them).

And I don't want to get into a conversation here about whose roads are worse. Or, which nation is poorer. This is the time to agree with Buddha ( I saw that on Eurotrib a few weeks ago, by the way, and LOVED it)

"Our life is shaped by our mind; we become what we think."

"Our life is shaped by our mind; we become what we think." - BUDDHA

by JulyMorning (july_jdb(at)yahoo(dot)com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 06:03:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
That works up to a point.  And for those willing to take that outlook.  But it's a slippery slope.  One of the talking points used to maintain the status quo is that if one is unhappy, it's simply because they don't have the right attitude.  Well, believing you are better off than you are might get you through the day, but the minute there is a medical emergency or big flood, the truth comes crashing down on you.  

I remember in Russia, making the observation that hope and belief that if we are unhappy we can change our circumstances was a peculiarly American outlook.  Optimism in the face of anything.  But what used to be optimisn with the caveat that some hard work and sacrifice was going to be needed to make life better has become a perverse hope, not founded on possibility but on stubborness and blind faith.  Our national attitutde seems to have morphed from, "If I believe I can make things better, I can" to "If I believe things will get better they will."  It's an unhealthy, unproductive optimism.


Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 03:33:40 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Great diary, Jérôme, and great work by Piketty and Saez.

This is indeed class warfare, a term we're not supposed to even whisper.

When locusts move on, they leave nothing behind

by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 02:28:33 AM EST
Part of the reason is that the US is subsidising much of the rest of the world. Not by direct foreign aid, of course, but by footing the bill for most of the first world's defense and thus permitting the development of Europe and East Asia to the extent that they've caught up with us.

We've known that the average Western European is just as wealthy as the average American. This is not news. International corporations, mostly American now owned by Europeans, have moved their manufacturing base to China or Southeast Asia from America, and later Mexico, where wages, but the standard of living, is quite a bit lower.

What is amazing to me, is that many people here think that Europe is this poor, tiny little thing with little or no economic power. Well guess again. The EU, even back during the '60s and '70s when it was lots smaller, had an economic clout near or equal to the US.

You want to know how to "end inequality" in the US? Totally wreck the economies of India, China, Indonesia and the rest of southeast Asia by closing all those factories and bringing manufacturing back to the US.

You don't like my little plan? Neither do I.

However, the US has far less power than you think.

by messy on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 10:07:13 AM EST
Just to add to what Jerome says here, it's not just the "winner-take-all" model that explains why American executives are doing so well. To a large extent it's due to what economists call "rent-seeking" and the rest of the world calls corruption, as well as a collapse of social norms against excessive corporate pay.

The distinction matters because the "winner take all" model suggests that American CEOs are earning their pay because info tech and globalization make good executive decisions much more valuable. But they are not. Japanese CEOs make no more relative to their average workers than their counterparts did 25 years ago. In the US that ratio has increased by a factor of 10 or more. Clearly something else is at work here.

That something else is the old "I'll scratch your back and you scratch mine" routine. Executives appoint boards of directors in the US, who then turn around and approve pay packages for those very same execs:

As a result, managers wield substantial influence over their own pay arrangements . . .  managerial influence might lead to substantially inefficient arrangements that produce weak or even perverse incentives.

The result is exorbitant salaries and option packages, golden parachutes, executive loans, and all the rest of it, with little if any link to corporate performance.

Another result is excessive attention to the share price and short-term profit, at the expense of worker well-being and long-term competitiveness. One aspect of this is downsizing, which has been shown by mainstream economists to be a key strategy in raising profits by forcing down wages and thus increasing inequality, and NOT a productivity booster.

The lesson here is that the way corporations are run matters. Social partnership is a must. Workers and local communities must be given voice in how large corporations operate - strong unions, codetermination, works councils, greater control over investment decisions, and so forth. Where they are already in place, efforts to eviscerate these institutions must be resisted (e.g. western Europe), and such institutions must be created where they are not (e.g. the United States).

by TGeraghty on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 04:55:56 PM EST
Very important point. Great comment TG!

The picture in the UK is even worse. Larry Elliot wrote about a recent study on this in The Guardian the other day.

Basically, there's no evidence of increase performance to justify the increased pay of most executives...

by Metatone (metatone [a|t] gmail (dot) com) on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 05:33:00 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Executives appoint boards of directors in the US, who then turn around and approve pay packages for those very same execs

Seriously? That is messed up. In Sweden the stockholders appoint the board and we think we have problems with people scratching each others backs.

by A swedish kind of death on Mon Feb 13th, 2006 at 07:34:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]


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