It's the geography, stupid

by Sirocco
Thu May 4th, 2006 at 02:40:50 PM EST

Crossposted from my blog.

War is God's way of teaching Americans geography, quipped Ambrose Bierce.

Memo to God: it isn't working.

In 2002 a National Geographic-Roper study found 83 percent of Americans aged 18 to 24 unable to locate Afghanistan — the country whence the 9/11 attack originated and which the US had just invaded — when presented with four alternatives.

Now a new such test reveals that nearly two-thirds of young adults cannot find Iraq on a map even after three years of war and more than 2,400 US deaths, at an estimated cost of $1-2 trillion.


Incidentally, other studies suggest that a majority of US servicemembers in Iraq conflate salient characteristics of Iraq and Afghanistan, with 85 percent contending the US mission is mainly "to retaliate for Saddam’s role in the 9-11 attacks" and 77 percent thinking a major reason for the invasion was "to stop Saddam from protecting al Qaeda in Iraq." In other words, most young Americans don't know where their troops are fighting; most of the latter don't know why.

Domestic natural disasters fare no better as teaching tools. Carried out in December 2005, the new National Geographic-Roper study shows that, five months after Hurricane Katrina — which wrecked a world-famous city and killed hundreds of their fellow citizens — one-third of young American adults were unable to find Louisiana on a map of the USA.

Forty-seven percent of young adults could not find Israel, the recipient of a fifth of official US aid; a stunning 75 percent could not locate India, home to nearly one in five human beings. More than 40 percent did not know that Pakistan, in which Osama bin Laden may be hiding, is located in Asia.

Fewer than three in ten even considered it important to know the location of countries in the news. (What's the thought process here? "What the heck, the President knows?" I wouldn't count on that; nor would the "Grecians," "Kosovarians" or "East Timorians.") Presumably these attitudes reflect the same provincial mindset that, in a January 2000 Gallup poll, ranked the US role in world affairs the 20th most important issue of the presidential campaign. But one might be excused for hoping that certain subsequent developments had made an impression.

In other news, as Booman notes, the most trusted news source in the US is also the most systematically misleading, by far.

I like America despite its flaws. But this is chilling.

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A very interesting diary, for all of the good reasons that you point out--lack of US knowledge re: basic geography, the "mileading factor" shown on the link, etc.

It was interesting to note that in America, evidently the highest rated source scored just 11%, far below the other countries mentioned in the article.  So evidently the diversity of places where American's get their news is far greater than other countries, and I would expect, far different than what it was 25 years ago.

Second, technically "Fox News" means the Fox cable channel.  There is a Fox station that has become competitive with the traditional TV channels of ABC, NBC, and CBS.  So I'm wondering if there is some double counting here.  It's just very surprising to me to see in the US any cable channel, much less Fox News, leading all communication channels on anything.

Americans totally trusted the "big 3" TV channels 35 years ago.  But, IMHO, Americans have accepted that a number of big, highly visible news bungling have happened--such as Dan Rather's story on the letter about Bush's National Guard which appears to have been a forgery, and IMO this has been accepted by many Americans, with the resulting loss of trust from 35 years ago, when one really believed everything Walter Cronkite, for example, said.

by wchurchill on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 03:22:38 PM EST

Bush's National Guard which appears to have been a forgery

Surely you mean


Bush's National Guard service which appears to have been a forgery



In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 03:31:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
no, I meant what I actually wrote:
,,,,on the letter about Bush's National Guard which appears to have been a forgery, and IMO this has been accepted by many Americans
by wchurchill on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 04:25:48 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Actually, 'Rathergate' is the most sickeningly silly scandal ever, in there being no evidence that those were forgeries, but there was a major media campaign to imply so, and CBS bucked under it (and so did Rather, while the actual reporters filing the story protested); and a separate analysis of the documents the WH itself released evidence a serial breaking of then valid rules to get Dubya out of trouble.

(It was a bizzarre experience for me to read a WaPo article pointing out the six typographic details supposedly impossible with typewriters of the age, then go looking for an already released document, and finding all six on some lines of text written on that document...)

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 06:18:09 PM EST
[ Parent ]
That's the same Dan Rather who, shortly after 9/11, said "He's my commander-in-chief. All he has to do is tell me where to line up and I'll do it." Last I checked, Bush was commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, not of the press.

So I didn't feel too sorry for Rather when Bush's attack dogs shredded him to pieces.

En un viejo país ineficiente, algo así como España entre dos guerras civiles, poseer una casa y poca hacienda y memoria ninguna. -- Gil de Biedma

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 06:32:08 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I add that after checking that document, I emailed WaPo pointing it all out. Nothing happened, no reply, no follow-up article, no taking-down or editing of the original article. And I guess they didn't just ignore me, because looking around the blogs just after, I found others did this simple work jorunalists themselves would be supposed to do, with similar results (and others did more, finding out the typewriter model aviable then that had these characteristics).

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.
by DoDo on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:09:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Don't be so hard on Dan Rather.  This is the man who made his name by running around Vietnam, telling the American people, "Uh, guys, we're losing this war," at a time when everyone refused to say so, both in the press and in government.  He was also the reporter who took a hammer to Richard Nixon and didn't stop until Nixon was gone.  Rather is no Bushie.

WHEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE!!
by Drew J Jones (myfriends@thisispancakes.com) on Sun May 7th, 2006 at 12:58:00 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Oh, brother. The document was such an obvious forgery that anybody with eyes and a copy of Microsoft Word can see it. There was no such "typewriter that could do it" found. The whole thing was indeed stupid, but the document itself was clearly and unarguably a simplistic forgery. There is no reality-based argument otherwise at this point, so I think your tinfoil hat is on a bit tight...
by asdf on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:34:47 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Even the 200-page CBS report on 'Rathergate' couldn't find evidence of forgery (they could only blame Rather et al for not checking the story properly), so you've been sucker for propaganda.

IIRC there was even a dKos diary pointing out that there are differences between Microsoft Word and seventies variable-spaced typewriter font, and the 'Rathergate' documents were like the latter. I will dig up this and the document I checked for myself tomorrow.

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:55:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Not so fast there. I for one am aware of at least two experts who disagree with you, one of whom I used to know a bit, and who was not a liberal.

No, I don't have links -- this is ancient history now by online standards. And I know zilch about this stuff myself.

But while a good case can be made that the documents were indeed forged, the argument remains wide open.

The world's northernmost desert wind.

by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 08:00:50 PM EST
[ Parent ]
by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 09:31:42 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Apparently none of you have a copy of Microsoft Word. Seriously, you have been completely taken in by the tinfoil hat crowd on this...
by asdf on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 10:44:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]
That you could make this document in Microsoft Word?

That's the logical fallacy known as affirming the consequent.

Let p be the proposition that the document was forged with MS. That obviously entails the possibility of doing so (q): p --> q.

But you can't infer from q to p. Ab esse ad posse valet consequentia, a posse ad esse non valet consequentia, as the good ol' scholastics would say.

What you need to show is that the document couldn't have been produced using equipment available at the time whence it ostensibly derives. Check out the link I provided upthread for an argument that it could.

The whole MS thing is at most a heuristic with no real evidentiary force. Furthermore, the analysis I linked to (which I'm not admittedly not qualified to evaluate) claims that MS Word can not in fact convincingly emulate the document.

I personally lean agnostic, but if I were forced to place a bet, my kroner would be on authenticity.

The world's northernmost desert wind.

by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Fri May 5th, 2006 at 01:23:13 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Please. Have you even read my reply?

If you believe the documents were forgeries written with Microsoft Word, read this dKos diary - it also mentions the differences between MS Word and IBM Times New Roman fonts I referred to.

An exhaustive analysis of those other Bush documents that were released by the White House can be read here. This is an analysis based on the Air Force and recruitment office regulations of the time, which found evidence of a number of violations - change in status without Bush fulfilling the requirements, mandated disciplinary action or status change not implemented, even fudging with dates and designations.

When I checked on the claims in the WaPo by myself, I looked at a document from this White House-released material, one with multiple lines from different typewriters - this one (click for large version):

Check the second entry, for 4Sep68. What do I see? A raised th, which according to WaPo was rare, yet here it is in a not even variable-spaced font. Next, compare the seventh and eighth entries. You'll see the different t-s, l-s, U-s, f-s and 1-s. Also check t-s and f-s in this Killian document and compare them with Microsoft Word's...

Finally, here are the letter typefaces of IBM's Selectric typewriter:



*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Fri May 5th, 2006 at 06:23:22 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Ambrose Bierce or Mark Twain?

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 03:32:02 PM EST
I thought Twain too, but its most commonly attributed to Bierce.

The world's northernmost desert wind.
by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 03:46:48 PM EST
[ Parent ]
FYI, this has already been diaried.

http://www.eurotrib.com/?op=displaystory;sid=2006/5/2/224615/3141  

Seems silly to have the same conversation on two diaries, even if this one is more thoroughly fleshed-out...

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 04:27:08 PM EST
Thanks, I missed that one.

But as you say yourself, there's a little more meat on this one -- and it technically isn't a diary either.

The world's northernmost desert wind.

by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 05:01:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
More than 50% of American students don't know where the world is when you show them the globe.



"The USA appears destined by fate to plague America with misery in the name of liberty." Simon Bolivar, Caracas, 1819

by Ritter on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 05:46:06 PM EST
Although I suspect that this is not only an American problem, even if it might be more of a problem over there.  

Bitsofnews.com Giving you the latest bits.
by Gjermund E Jansen (gjans1@hotmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 05:52:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Good observation, your's. Unfortunetaly we may never find out because the US gov will not advert us before rendering our neighborhood into a glassed over parking lots.

"The USA appears destined by fate to plague America with misery in the name of liberty." Simon Bolivar, Caracas, 1819
by Ritter on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 06:00:10 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Very good observation. amongst European schoolchildren, the ability to find countries on a map is almost as bad.

Amongst teachers, geography is generally dismissed as a waste of time subject, taught by the PE teachers as it's the only thing they can manage an refered too by the dismissive term 'Colouring in'.

I'm tired of this backslapping, aint humanity great BS, we're a virus with shoes Bill Hicks

by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:06:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]
A few years ago, in another NatGeo study, Britain was nearly as bad as the US, while other EU countries were better, best were Scandinavian countries and France IIRC.

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.
by DoDo on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:11:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Thanks for the information.  I was not aware of that study.

Bitsofnews.com Giving you the latest bits.
by Gjermund E Jansen (gjans1@hotmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:14:54 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I diffed up what I recalled. The complete survey (from 2002) is here [pdf!].

Of 56 quiz questions (not difficult ones), average correct answers were:

Sweden 40
Germany 38
Italy 38
France 34
Japan 31
Great Britain 28
Canada 27
U.S. 23
Mexico 21

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:28:35 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I see that the U.S. and Mexico are almost tied...given what is being spouted in the American news about immigrants who are coming into America as illiterate/school drop-outs etc by Lou Dobbs and others makes this statistic ironic in a sad sort of way.

When I was in school(oh here we go-with the old person remembering way back when)which happened to be Catholic school we had a specific Geography Class/Geography books. What I do remember is that I liked it and it was pretty cool-we had to draw maps from memory of other countries-the easiest and most fun being of course Italy-the Boot.

After 9 years in Catholic school I went to public school and there was no Geography Class but something called Social Studies and almost no emphasis on actual maps and where countries were.

When my nephew got to school I know that geography was simply non existent -social studies weren't much better.  Then again the whole education system here is broken as far as I'm concerned.  When I went to the Community College here what I was basically learning is what I had already learned in Catholic grade school.

"People never do evil so throughly and happily as when they do it from moral conviction."-Blaise Pascal

by chocolate ink on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 08:17:37 PM EST
[ Parent ]
...did you see in the Appendix that only 31% of the questioned British could identify the Netherlands whereas France, Germany and Italy have at least twice a higher percentage than that, with France topping the chart with 71 percentage? (Perhaps in France people know where they need to get their pot?)

I had no idea the differences would be so large within Europe itself. Good stuff, DoDo.

by Nomad on Fri May 5th, 2006 at 05:59:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Still, I have to admit that geography is a subject that's being down graded even here in Norway.  This is a subject that is being neglected all over the Western world I fear.  

 

Bitsofnews.com Giving you the latest bits.

by Gjermund E Jansen (gjans1@hotmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:20:47 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I know I am kind of a "Johnny One Note" on the fossil fuel thing, but I suspect this might just have something to do with hypermobility and ubiquitous cheap air travel etc.

geography -- distances, borders, distinct cultures -- is  "so yesterday."   as Friedman clownishly proclaims, the world is flat (at least in the presently prevailing collective fantasy).  everywhere is at most 12 hours from anywhere else.  and if it isn't, then it's a place that just doesn't count.  NYC is closer to Paris than it is to Nowhere, Kansas -- virtually speaking.  an affluent burb is closer, by electronic and financial ties, to another affluent burb a continent away than to the slum on its physical border.

ironically the feverish global churning of finance and trade, increasing vastly the interconnection between us all, does seem to have diminished people's interest in or awareness of the actual physical geography...  it does seem strange.

The difference between theory and practise in practise ...

by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:34:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Ceebs, may it as it be - and I doubt that our kids historic's consciousness has already evaporated to the point that they don't know anymore about the West-East conflict - the fact is that no European country - and much less the joint EU will attack Iran with conventional or nuclear weapons.

Here's the learning point:

Everyone in Europe knows where Iran is. There won't be war.

But:

Well, of course, there will be war - but it won't be ours. It will be yours. (Are you US?)

PS. We will follow it on KOS and support Jerome's opinions against the new war! We can also have a new Daily War Shit Thing on this site and light virtual candles. Thousands if need be! No problem - it's a vitual exercise. Is it?

"The USA appears destined by fate to plague America with misery in the name of liberty." Simon Bolivar, Caracas, 1819

by Ritter on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:41:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
No I'm UK not US, just feeling generally depressed by the lack of knowledge in the young, Tabloid nusepapers,the culture of celebrity, and that it seems that America is heading for a religious dark age.

I'm tired of this backslapping, aint humanity great BS, we're a virus with shoes Bill Hicks
by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:47:37 PM EST
[ Parent ]
nusepapers

Teach me to think i didn't need to run a spell check. ;-)

I'm tired of this backslapping, aint humanity great BS, we're a virus with shoes Bill Hicks

by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:49:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
From: "nuisance"?

"The USA appears destined by fate to plague America with misery in the name of liberty." Simon Bolivar, Caracas, 1819
by Ritter on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 07:53:13 PM EST
[ Parent ]
having looked it up nuse is a food aditive for working horses!

takes me back to Animal Farm

I'm tired of this backslapping, aint humanity great BS, we're a virus with shoes Bill Hicks

by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 08:09:20 PM EST
[ Parent ]
As a rare American who can identify...almost every country in the world (the western coast of Africa gives me fits...so many little countries!  And I mix up Paraguay and Uruguay), I am terribly embarrassed about my compatriots.
by Rick in TX on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 09:18:48 PM EST
the western coast of Africa gives me fits...so many little countries!

Yeah. I can do them though, on a good day.

The world's northernmost desert wind.

by Sirocco (sirocco2005ATgmail.com) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 09:34:22 PM EST
[ Parent ]
well if it is any consolation Rick, I'm pretty good on most countries in the news (though central Africa trips me up and on a bad day I can embarrass myself in the Balkans and the FSU 'stans) but there are areas of the US where I get the states confused (hey, they are as big as countries). moving around a lot as a kid, I seem to have run into differences between state systems as to which year, and with what focus, geography was taught.  thus I learned a lot about Florida, can still draw the Great Lakes well enough to win a round of Pictionary, and did a special project on Uruguay (each child was assigned a country to write a report on)... but never did really get the hang of the region around Arkansas or the all years of various statehoods.

rote memorisation in general may be in decline as we all get used to having google, and google-earth, at our fingertips.  even at my age, I already use the www as a brain peripheral... kind of embarrassing to admit, but there it is... we say 'rote memorisation' as if it were a lowly thing, but it is I think a form of autonomy, crashproofing certain basic knowledge by burning it into brain-rom.  that autonomy seems to be eroding, for better or worse.

The difference between theory and practise in practise ...

by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 09:35:22 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, and there I read once that the worst invention for the memory was the paper. Little did s/he know.
by Fran (fran at eurotrib dot com) on Fri May 5th, 2006 at 02:05:24 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Incidentally, other studies suggest that a majority of US servicemembers in Iraq conflate salient characteristics of Iraq and Afghanistan, with 85 percent contending the US mission is mainly "to retaliate for Saddam's role in the 9-11 attacks" and 77 percent thinking a major reason for the invasion was "to stop Saddam from protecting al Qaeda in Iraq."

Perhaps I'm preaching to the choir here, but this was a specifically desired outcome of the Bush administration. It underscores one of the reasons I think democracy has some dark days ahead here in the US and elsewhere - the public as a whole does not have tools to effectively deal with modern propaganda.

you are the media you consume.

by MillMan (millguy at gmail) on Thu May 4th, 2006 at 11:06:25 PM EST
There is some controversy about the poll of the US troops, mainly because Zogby does not reveal his methodology.
http://www.mysterypollster.com/main/2006/02/the_zogby_poll_.html

However this is what Bernard Finel, Professor of Military Strategy and Operations, National War College said:

There are a lot of questions about the Zogby/Le Moyne poll. Let me first say, that all I have seen are press reports/press releases. I have not had time to look at the methodology closely.

Zogby keeps it secret for "security reasons", which I think is nonsense. See link to Mystery Pollster above.

But clearly, if the study was well-conducted and the results accurate, the results are troubling. There are several issues to consider.
First, for reasons that are not clear to me, the Bush Administration has been extremely sloppy and fuzzy in defining the relationship between Iraq and the war on terror/9-11/AQ. Clearly, we went into Iraq in part because one of the lessons of 9-11 was to eliminate threats before they come to fruition, but I think that the Administration has deliberately left that vague and has, as a result, convinced a lot of Americans that Iraq was somehow behind 9-11. Critics, though, who claim the invasion of Iraq had nothing to do with 9-11 also miss the boat on the connection through changing levels of risk acceptance.
Second, I have the deepest respect for our men and women in uniform. They are committed, patriotic, hard-working, and in many ways genuinely altruistic. But there is no particular reason, ultimately, to assume that they necessarily know any more about international politics than anyone else.
Third, does it matter if our troops are essentially misguided on some key issues? Really, probably not. Our troops do not make policy. And there is no evidence that I know of that the belief that Saddam was behind 9-11 has affected the behavior of troops in Iraq (in the sense, for instance of unlawful reprisals against Iraqi civilians).
Fourth, is this in some ways inevitable. If you are a young person, living in Iraq, risking your life, losing friends, and so on.... you need to construct a world view that will sustain you. You can't go into combat doubting yourself or your comrades or the justice of your cause. You need to know you are doing the right thing. This has been true of all militaries at all times in history. So perhaps we ought to see these poll results as less in terms of politics, and more in terms of the sociology of armed forces in war.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2006/03/01/DI2006030100953.html

Interesting comments!

However, I don't think 85% of US servicemen and -women are so stupid that they believe the US is in Iraq to "retaliate for Saddam's role in the 9-11 attacks."

I think we need a second poll from a different pollster before we can blame them.


Atlantic Review - A press digest on transatlantic affairs edited by three German Fulbright Alumni

by Atlantic Review (bl -at- atlanticreview dot org) on Fri May 5th, 2006 at 06:44:47 AM EST


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