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by marco
Several people on EuroTrib have remarked how dubious and misleading gross domestic product and other conventional measures for the health or effectiveness of countries and economies have become.
Would it be possible to measure and "quantize" happiness in a sufficiently objective and agreed upon matter (across cultures and societies) to use such a "happiness index" to characterize a community's general health? This is probably still "Only fools dare tread here" territory. But in the last few years, there seems to have been some movement in this direction suggesting -- against the better sense of hard-headed thinking -- that maybe a "gross national happiness" index could be usable at some point in the future. From the front page ~ whataboutbob
[Added 2006/7/30: Should have looked into the EuroTrib archives more thoroughly before writing this diary. Last November Chris Kulczycki wrote a great diary about banning the GDP and described various indexes out there already, including the UN's Human Development Index, Genuine Progress Indicator, The Economist's (PDF) "quality-of-life index", and Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan's Gross National Happiness indicator (Chris's favorite, and the reason I changed the title of this diary.) In that diary, there was an interesting thread about the potential of using "median PPP income". ~ brunoken]
Migeru recently wrote that for Keynes,
all economic concepts should be monetarized in order to make economics properly quantitative. In this he is not wrong, and he is aware that he is throwing out some important things by making this decision, but like any good mathematician faced with an intractable problem he is deciding to tackle a different but related problem which is tractable, and trying to convince the rest of economists that this is the best way to make progress. Is measuring the happiness of a population a tractable problem? In response to Migeru, Sven Triloqvist suggests Yes, referencing the new economic foundation (NEF)'s Happy Planet Index, the formula for which turns out to appear fairly simple:
Life satisfaction x Life expectancy Of course, the devil's in the details, and leaving aside ecological footprint, which could be quite complex and controversial in and of itself, NEF notes that
Some researchers notably those from an economics background tend to see happiness, life satisfaction and well-being as synonymous and interchangeable. Also, the happiness surveys being relied upon seem pretty simple, if not simplistic:
International surveys tend to consider life satisfaction by asking respondents a question such as: `If you consider your life overall, how satisfied would you say you are nowadays?' Responses are given on a 0 10 scale, from not at all satisfied to extremely satisfied. Clearly this is not a perfect measure. Ideally, subjective well-being would be assessed by asking a series of questions, perhaps probing different aspects of life and framing the issue in different ways so as to gain a more complete picture.If you look at the "Calculate your personal HPI" survey on the NEF website, it's not clear how whether I live in a
NEF waves away this caveat with one concluding sentence on its explanation of life-satisfaction:
As a general indicator of the state of well-being in a country, however, this single question performs surprisingly well, showing good validity when compared with other national-level statistics.
Well, setting aside any doubts we may have for now, and swallowing a nice lump of salt, how do various countries stack up in terms of "happiness"? If you look at just Life Satisfaction, industrialized countries score high:
Clearly, though, some not so industrialized and less developed countries score high on this measure as well. Now, what if you factor in Life Expectancy and Ecological Footprint on NEF's "Happiness Planet Index"?
(The entire list can be found here.) It is immediately apparent that the "Happy Planet Index" is a very different animal than just a "Happy Country Index". In fact, the "Map of World Happiness" represents "life satisfaction":
not while a world map of the "Happy Planet Index" looks like: (In this map, lighter colors indicate higher score. See the NEF website for a zoomable interactive world HPI map.) Acknowleding the obvious, and difficult, questions like How accurate are the "life satisfaction" surveys? How feasible would it be to take such surveys at regular and frequent enough intervals, even if they were accurate? Just how exactly are you measuring "ecological footprint"? and so on, I wonder: (1) Is it reasonable to hope that we already have the makings, at least the beginnings, of some kind of "tractable" measure of a population's happiness? (2) Would such a measure be sufficiently reliable and accurate across cultures and societies around the world? (3) If so, can and it should it be used to measure the "successfulness" or "health" of a country (or region, or community, or continent, etc.), against itself at other points in time, or in comparison to other countries? And most difficult of all, at least for me, (4) If some kind of "life satisfaction"/"happiness" measure is usable at all, do we want to use it by itself ("life satisfaction"/the first map above), or do we want to go the extra big step that the new economics foundation does by factoring populations' respective impacts on natural resources and the environment (HPI/second map)? I would like to answer in the affirmative to all four questions. We need something better than GDP, and while I was initially thinking of a "Misery" index as a "Popperian" tool -- i.e. gradual improvement through the identification and correction of weaknesses and mistakes -- if there already exists a "Negative Misery" index in the form of some sort of "life satisfaction" measure, we should try using that. We must definitely take care to be sensitive to the diversity of notions, criteria and standards for "happiness" and "life satisfaction" that exist around the world. But am I being too simplistic in positing that all human beings, when it comes down to it, are, well, human beings, and that there can be a common, basic, fundamental experience that we all share -- and recognize in each other -- corresponding to "happiness"? Also, if such a population-level measure of "happiness" is to be of any use at all, it should be usable to compare the relative "successfulness" of different countries, or of the same country at different periods in time, should it not? And finally, pace Siddhartha Gautama, what use is it to be "happy", if that happiness is not sustainable? Put another way, if your means of happiness entails inevitable suffering when that means runs out, is that a kind of happiness that we want to measure "health" and "success" on? (I have not finished reading it, but the new economics foundation has a document titled The [Un]Happy Planet Index: An index of human well-being and environmental impact which explores this topic in further depth.) |
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***Happy Planet Index (formerly "Gross National Happiness?") | 19 comments (19 topical, 0 editorial, 0 hidden)
***Happy Planet Index (formerly "Gross National Happiness?") | 19 comments (19 topical, 0 editorial, 0 hidden)
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