European Tribune

Anglo Disease - and Adam Smith

by ChrisCook
Sun Mar 2nd, 2008 at 01:21:08 PM EST

Apparently there's a new book on the way about Adam Smith by PJ O'Rourke, who is in Edinburgh to promote it.

So we had this extract in the Sunday Herald today.

I for one have never ploughed through anything by Smith, or come to that any of the "greats", and am therefore reliant upon the perspective, values, accuracy and good faith of those commentators who have.

O' Rourke's book looks promising, I must say, if the extract in the Herald is anything to go by.

A few gems follow: firstly, for our US friends...

Some acolytes of Smith might be surprised if they ever read him. He wrote that "the oppression of the poor must establish the monopoly of the rich", and that profit is "always highest in the countries which are going fastest to ruin".

For those persuaded of the need for a tax on land values, the following might indicate support from Smith....

Adam Smith was tough on the landed gentry: "As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed."

He would have been amused to see the dukes and duchesses of England reduced to keeping circus animals and other attractions on their great estates and letting fat daytrippers waddle through their stately homes, camcording the noble ancestors on the walls.

But it was this nugget that persuaded me that Adam Smith would have been well at home in ET's occasional Anglo Disease series....

Smith was tougher yet on the very people who, in his time, were beginning to generate the wealth of nations that he proposed to increase. Despite his friendship with merchants and manufacturers in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Smith had a cool loathing for the class: "Masters are always and everywhere in a sort of tacit, but constant and uniform combination, not to raise the wages of labour.

"Our merchants and master-manufacturers complain much of the bad effects of high wages in raising the price of their goods both at home and abroad. They say nothing concerning the bad effects of high profits.

They are silent and regard to the pernicious effects of their own gains. They complain only of those of other people.

And as for the privatisation mania, Smith had no time for the East India Company's depredations in India...

And Smith was no enthusiast for the privatisation of government functions. Concerning the East India Company and its rule of Bengal, Smith wrote: "The government of an exclusive company of merchants is, perhaps, the worst of all governments for any country whatever."

Finally, and fairly crucially, was Smith's distinction between (acceptable - indeed necessary, in his view)"profits" and "pernicious gains".

Smith wanted "the establishment of a government which afforded to industry the only encouragement which it requires, some tolerable security that it shall enjoy the fruits of its own labour". Smith did not consider profits to be the same as "pernicious gains".

Now my own distinction between "acceptable"  and "pernicious" profits is that between those profits achieved by the producer, and those by the "rentier".

The reason I am hopeful that there is a way out of the deep hole the financial system is in, is that there are new forms of finance capital now emerging to replace the "pernicious" tools of finance capital - ie Debt and "Equity" - which are IMHO the direct causes (with private property in Commons) of the Anglo Disease.


Login
. Make a new account
. Reset password

Display:
Excellent ! But I thought O'Rourke was a humorist.

If you haven't already, procure a copy of John Kenneth Galbraith's Economics in Perspective: A Critical History, 1987. Seems to me most economists who have been dead a number of decades have been terribly misrepresented, mostly by American movement conservatives.

by NBBooks on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 01:58:23 AM EST
Yes, they have. Migeru has put more time into it, but I've also worked my way through some of the greats and its quite clear that most people who claim that they support their positions have either not read what they wrote or not understood it. Very often they - Ricardo and Adams for instance - were addressing misconceptions of their times.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 03:11:51 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I started to read the Wealth of Nations a few years ago (and have yet to finish it), but I was surprised at how critical he was of the merchant/employer class and how sympathetic he was of those who had to make a living by working for a wage.  His genius seems to be his clear eye.  Union negotiators would probably learn a lot from his revelations of the thinking and instincts of the owners, with the bottom line:  they are not your friends.  And workers hold as many if not more cards than the people with money to hire them.  Now I suppose the question is where the government fits in in terms of putting thumbs on the scale for one side or the other.  I don't recall Smith talking about that, but then I haven't read the whole thing.  I somehow doubt that he would have been in favor of government power being used to benefit business owners to the detriment of workers, but who knows.
by jjellin on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 08:16:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
He's very clear that employers will generally be better placed to arrange laws to their favour than employees, as I recall.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 08:22:37 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I gathered a number of juicy quotations in a comment  a while back, including
Whenever the legislature attempts to regulate the differences between masters and their workmen, its counsellors are always the masters. When the regulation, therefore, is in favour of the workmen, it is always just and equitable; but it is sometimes otherwise when in favour of the masters.


We have met the enemy, and he is us — Pogo
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 08:25:13 AM EST
[ Parent ]
saying they are well-placed in the influence of lawmaking is not advocating for that situation (I realize you are not making that argument).   He seems to be a clear-eyed observer of reality in a way that could be helpful even to workers who might have the chance to read him, although that brings up another factor in tipping the scales potentially against the wage-workers:  literacy and government paid education for all.   (And I have no idea if Smith gets into the issue of free public education, but my guess would be that he doesn't)
by jjellin on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 08:47:04 AM EST
[ Parent ]
PJ O'Rourke is a well known conservative/libertarian, and the rest of the article is about how Adam Smith is really a libertarian and a government hater, so your quotes of this text are a bit selective, and I'm not sure it's a text we'd want as an actual defense of more regulated forms of capitalism...

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 12:28:58 PM EST
It's not a Diary I posted as a defence of more regulated forms of Capitalism.

The quotes I used are precisely those which illustrate that whether or not Smith was a libertarian and government hater, he was a thinker who could see the flaws of Capitalism as well as - if not better - than the next man.

And for what it's worth, as I have said often enough, while I am  a proponent of participative forms of governance, I do not have much time for the current brand of representative democracy, or for regulation by "the State" no matter how benevolent the Elite who exercise power either as elected politicians or unelected executive.

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 01:11:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I just posted a Diary that shows explicitly that growth is directly proportional to Value Added and to the "mean wage" (buying power!); implies that for sustainable growth, gains in productivity must be reflected in higher salaries. This is the defining characteristic of all "good" growth episodes.

"La sociedad que no ayuda a sus pobres, tampoco podrá defender a sus ricos..."
by daneca (evelazcoreckling@yhahoo.com) on Mon Mar 3rd, 2008 at 01:02:08 PM EST


Display:
Go to: [ European Tribune Homepage : Top of page : Top of comments ]