European Tribune

24- hour drinking

by In Wales
Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 08:29:54 AM EST

Well, 24 hour licensing really, isn't it? The UK has reviewed the impact of 'round the clock drinking' that was introduced in 2005, accompanied by doom laden predictions of the end of civil society as we know it.

BBC Online reports that the government review of licensing laws shows a mixed picture of the impact.

Crime and alcohol consumption are down overall but some areas have seen a rise in disorder and drink-related violence has increased in the early hours.


Culture Secretary Andy Burnham said councils and police need to do more to use "the considerable powers" open to them to tackle the problem.

Critics say the new laws have failed to tackle binge drinking.

But Mr Burnham said the introduction of the Licensing Act "has not led to the widespread problems some feared".

"Our main conclusion is that people are using the freedoms but people are not sufficiently using the considerable powers granted by the Act to tackle problems," he said.

"And there is a need to rebalance action towards enforcement and crackdown on irresponsbile behaviour."

Basically, drinking habits haven't changed much. As we've discussed on ET before, the drinking culture in the UK is somewhat different to elsewhere on the continent. So binge drinking is still an issue which comes as no surprise, underage drinkers are still able to get hold of alcohol easily and Brits apparently don't have it in them to adopt the continental style cafe culture.

Fewer than 4% of premises (5,100) have applied for round-the-clock pub opening - and many that have are hotels, stores and supermarkets.

There has not been strong enough enforcement of the law for those who break it, and police resources are being stretched by the staggered closing times extending further into the night.

It seems that the change in drinking culture needs both enforcement and education to be successful. Can the UK achieve that though?

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What are the liability laws/precedents like for pubs over there?  I'm not sure if the policy has had much of an impact, but I know that, in the places I've lived stateside, bars are responsible if, for example, patrons drink too much, get out and hurt someone.  It's also illegal to serve to anyone who is drunk.

Where's your motherf*%&ing flag pin?
by Drew J Jones (blahblahblah@blahblahblah.com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 10:41:20 AM EST
The laws were strengthened with the introduction of 24 hour licensing - to fine and strike off those who serve to underage drinkers or break the law - but it seems that it isn't being monitored or enforced vigorously enough.

Ad astra per aspera
by In Wales (inwales aaat eurotrib.com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 11:32:35 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Note however, that while the aggregate reality is that both crime and consumption are down overall, the media prefer to concentrate on any problem areas where things have gotten slightly worse.

I'll blather about the drinking culture in another comment.

by Metatone (metatone [a|t] gmail (dot) com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 10:54:38 AM EST
It's not just media exaggeration, it's a bit more complex; from the BBC report:

But Jan Berry, chairman of the Police Federation, said: "For the last couple of years we haven't seen the decrease in alcohol-related offences.

"We have seen an increase in the number of police officers assaulted."

Sir Simon Milton, chairman of the Local Government Association which represents local authorities, said the idea that late-night licences would end binge drinking had totally failed.

He said policing resources were being stretched further into the night because of people who had been drinking.

One result is that therefore there are less police available during the day.

Even if it had decreased it would still be a terrible problem, with hospitals having to pick up the pieces and their staff often attacked by drunks. Arguably we need a lot more media coverage:

 Globally violence accounts for over a million deaths each year and consequently has been declared an international public health priority. The UK is no exception to this global epidemic and experiences an estimated two and a half million incidents of violence each year; in many of these (44%) the offender was believed to have been drinking 1. Across the UK, a large proportion of alcohol-related violence occurs in nightlife settings. More than a fifth of all violence in England and Wales takes place in or around pubs and clubs and here 80% of incidents involve alcohol 2. Such violence has devastating impacts on the health of victims, yet also places huge burdens on wider society and public services, particularly criminal justice and health services 3,4. The costs of alcohol-related violence to public services, the economy and individuals are astounding with, for example, the national costs of alcohol-related crime and disorder estimated at £7.8bn a year.

http://www.cph.org.uk/showPublication.aspx?pubid=275



Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice. Blog - Nice Experience
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 04:12:52 PM EST
[ Parent ]
One result is that therefore there are less police available during the day.

Since the police seem to have plenty of time to issue tickets to children for dropping 2 crisps on the ground, I would have thought that this would be an improvement.

Seriously, if the police can waste time on nonsense like this, why can't they deal directly with alcohol-related crime, rather than repeatedly changing the laws?

by gk (g k quattro due due sette "at" gmail.com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 04:45:19 AM EST
[ Parent ]

This IS an example of media exaggeration, focusing on one trivial case. But I think there is some evidence that the zero tolerance approach in general does have some success in cutting crime overall:


'Zero tolerance' works well in densely populated areas with relatively high policing levels and large amounts of petty crime. However, where the population is more dispersed or the crime rate is already relatively low, it may have little effect.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/36107.stm

Of course the police do "deal directly with alcohol related crime" - and I don't envy them their job. There was a report on TV recently which followed the police on one evening in an average UK town centre. The police almost apologised that it had been an untypically "quiet" night. But the violence shown was pretty appalling.

Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice. Blog - Nice Experience

by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 05:11:39 AM EST
[ Parent ]
One of the main counter-arguments mentioned in the article, namely  the fact that a lot of the drop in crime rates can be attributed to demographic changes and changes in drug use, is the one that I've always found most convincing. Perhaps that's because I remember having read articles before Giuliani was elected predicting that crime would drop precisely for these reasons.

There may have been some effect, but in NY, at least, it's hard to compare directly because of changes in how crime was measured. One important result is that people became aware of how much safer the city had become, which is indeed something he should be given credit for, though I wish he could have found another way of doing this.

by gk (g k quattro due due sette "at" gmail.com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 05:31:22 AM EST
[ Parent ]

It's not just the NY case (and in sociology it's hard to prove anything as you can't usually reduce the variables), while this isn't proof, it is some further support:

 Detective Superintendent Ray Mallon, who has been suspended as head of Middlesborough CID, has been the most colourful advocate of this strategy in Britain.

Last year he famously promised to quit if he failed to cut crime on his patch by 20% in 18 months - gaining him the nickname 'Robocop'.
...
Det Super Mallon also achieved these kinds of results in his previous job in Hartlepool where he oversaw a reduction in crime of 38% in 28 months.

In London, 81% of residents of King's Cross say they feel safer thanks to the Metropolitan Police's "Operation Zero Tolerance" which targeted petty crime around King's Cross station.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/36107.stm




Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice. Blog - Nice Experience
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 04:22:12 PM EST
[ Parent ]
First thing you've got to ask is what problem were the extended hours supposed to solve. If they wanted a civilised cafe culture to develop then they were probably 100 years too late, although I doub we couldever have done so. Britain seems to share its drinking culture with scandanavian countries rather than european. We are beer guzzlers rather than wine quaffers, getting drunk is a rite of passage here in a way it simply isn't to our south and east. It should be noted that Britain actually drinks less per head than Germany, but wheras the germans tend to do it at the rate of a litre or so a day, we tend to whack the week's allocation into two days, Friday and Saturday.

It is absurd to expect that they will change the law one day and everybody will change cultural habits that stretch back 200 years, Hogarth's Gin lane was the first of many polemics against "binge-culture". You might get signs of evolution over a decade or so, but a step change would be impossible.

The thing that makes british bars worse is also their size, there are a lot of drinking barns and because you get your own drink, the table is rarely supervised as it might be in, say, germany. Large groups of men will get vastly drunk and move from pub to pub and nowadays these numbers will be increased by women drinking large amounts too. All adding up to a feeling of aggressive chaos in most towns after 9:30 on a friday or saturday night. there's also the phenomena of "circuit-drinking" where a known stretch of bars will be visited by a group who feel the need to "keep up" in terms of consumption as their mates move on, whether or not they're comfortable at that pace.

I don't know what the solution is. Every soap opera has a pub at its centre, thus normalizing the presence of the "pub" at the centre of social life for teenage children. So it is only natural they should want to go there. But what you don't find in most pubs are the mixed social groups of young and old that you see represented on telly. If too many youngsters move in, everybody else moves out.

You can't price people out of pubs, booze there is already much more expensive than in supermarkets and off-licences. Yet you can't use the price mechanism for the off-trade cos France isn't far away where it is much cheaper anyway.

I always disliked the 11:00 kickout, it encouraged you to speed up from 10:00. But now those who want to can keep on chugging it back. It does make the problem chuck-out period longer, but by reducing the numbers of people on the streets at once it lowers the chances of conforntations. However, then public transport, which invariably all shut down before midnight becomes a constraint and so people are leaving the pubs all at the same time anyway.

Like most things, if we really want to tackle it we're gonna have to get much more clever in the way we think about it. But till then.....this will go on.

keep to the Fen Causeway

by Helen (lareinagal at yahoo dot co dot uk) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 12:33:47 PM EST

You can't price people out of pubs, booze there is already much more expensive than in supermarkets and off-licences. Yet you can't use the price mechanism for the off-trade cos France isn't far away where it is much cheaper anyway.

We've been over this before. Price IS a factor - not, of course, not the only one, but an important one. At the moment people in the UK can drink  more cheaply than used to be the case (see below). Prices need to be increased in pubs, supermarkets, etc. The problem is made worse by some supermarkets selling it as loss leaders. Some people getting drunk that way, some using it to get ready to drink even more in pubs.

Not everyone in the UK can easily pop over to France and the fact that a policy isn't going to be 100% successful doesn't mean that it isn't going to be effective in general.  

Alcohol has become relatively cheaper in the UK. From the Institute of Alcohol studies, Feb 28 2007:

despite the relatively high level of the taxes in a European context, they are declining in real terms. Duties on spirits have not been increased since 1997, while those on beer and wine have been adjusted for inflation, they have not kept pace with the growth in personal incomes, so alcohol in general has become steadily more affordable.

http://www.ias.org.uk/resources/factsheets/tax.pdf

RE prices, consumption and Labour policy:

 The last Conservative Government's public health strategy, `Health of the Nation', which included the target of reducing the number of heavy drinkers in the population, did commit the Chancellor to taking health into account in setting excise duties each year.
However, this commitment was discarded by the Labour Government which took office in 1997, and the National Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy published in 2004 explicitly rejects tax as a means of tackling harm.
...

In arriving at these conclusions, the Government was rejecting the advice of virtually the whole scientific and public health community based on the accumulated international evidence that the price of alcohol is one of the principal influences on levels of alcohol consumption and harm, and, particularly in a high alcohol tax country like the UK, tax is a major determinant of price.

A range of studies have found that increasing the price of alcohol can reduce road accidents and fatalities; workplace injuries; deaths from cirrhosis of the liver; various kinds of violent crime, including assaults, rapes, robberies and homicide, and spouse and child abuse.

A recent illustration of the link between tax, price and health is provided by Finland, where in 2004 the Government reduced alcohol excise duty by an average of 33% in order to reduce the number of cheap imports from abroad. The result was an immediate 17% increase in alcohol-related mortality, equivalent to approximately additional alcohol-related deaths per week;

http://www.ias.org.uk/resources/factsheets/tax.pdf



Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice. Blog - Nice Experience
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 03:53:46 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Some pubs encourage hyperboozing by charging a fixed price upfront for as many pints as you want. This is surely asking for trouble. But if one publican decided to abandon this practice, he would probably lose too many customers to other pubs where it continued. So a a better idea would be for publicans to get together and agree that they would all stop it. However, if they did this they might be clobbered by the Office of Fair Trading for illegal collusion and restraint of trade! See what can happen when the authorities follow economic theorists rather than common sense.

ANGUS SIBLEY, website http://www.equilibrium-economicum.net, "Querying economic orthodoxy"
by parisien on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 03:11:01 PM EST
Is that what they're called?  Fascinating.

"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."
by poemless on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 03:13:18 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Really ? I've never heard of that one but then again it wouldn't surprise me in some areas.

keep to the Fen Causeway
by Helen (lareinagal at yahoo dot co dot uk) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 03:42:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Tesco, Britain's biggest supermarket chain, said that if alcohol prices were to be increased, new laws were needed. If supermarkets agreed among themselves to raise prices they would be in breach of competition rules. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, Tesco's executive director for corporate and legal affairs, said that any changes must apply to all retailers, or shoppers would simply go to cheaper outlets. "All shops that sell alcohol need to act together and this is where we are being held back by the law," she said. "The only safe solution is for the Government to initiate and lead these discussions."

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article3412896.ece

One comment:

It is a bit rich of Tesco to be offering leadership on this issue, when they are one of the biggest culprits - e.g. the constant barrage of loss-leading wines, and beer that is sold cheaper than water, all to seduce customers into spending more on other shopping.
The Government should act decisively for once, making it illegal to use alcohol as a loss-leader, enforced by regulatory controls with large fines for culprits like Tesco. Similar enforcement should stop 'Happy Hours' & price promotions, with (well publicised) zero tolerance of drunken behaviour. Duty should be raised, with a special focus on drinks that are commonly used in binge drinking, eg lager; cider; alco-pops.

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article3412896.ece



Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice. Blog - Nice Experience
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 04:43:08 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Nice one! I was a Londoner but moved to Paris. The best beer here is mostly Belgian.

ANGUS SIBLEY, website http://www.equilibrium-economicum.net, "Querying economic orthodoxy"
by parisien on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 04:54:13 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Seen from Japan, this is interesting.

Here, there are more or less no regulations on drinking.  Pretty much any place that wants to can sell liquor, and they can sell liquor for as long as they want - usually until there are no more customers.

In my little town, it's hard to find a place open past 7:00 PM that's not a drinking establishment of one sort or another.

A large portion of drinking takes place in izakayas, food pubs of a sort, which are visited by groups for dinner, or after dinner.  People eat and drink with their friends and/or co-workers.  Many of these places have tabehodai/nomihodai, where you can pay a fixed price for an all-you-can-eat/all-you-can-drink period of 2 or 3 hours.

Japanese people tend not to have the strongest constitutions, and will often be completely wasted after about three or four beers - sometimes less.  Their friends help them stagger home.

Casual drinking, of a pint or two after dinner, is quite common, even at home.  Heavier drinking (almost always in groups) is also pretty common, even on weeknights.

Further, there are no open-container laws, so people feel free to drink on the street.  This usually only happens at festivals, but at festivals, most everyone is at least a little drunk.

From the anecdotal perspective, this situation does not appear terribly problematic, as for the most part, drunk Japanese people don't get into fights.  I don't know why.  I've been here for several years, and I've seen lots of drunk groups of men, and I've been to a variety of establishments late at night, and I've never seen a fight.  The closest thing to violence I've seen was a couple of drunk women yelling at each other.

In the British case, where is the percieved problem?  Is it just puritan handwringing over people drinking too much?  Is it drunk violence?  Is it people ending up in the hospital from drinking too much?  

by Zwackus on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 07:17:37 PM EST
... for the most part, drunk Japanese people don't get into fights.

And they don't drive much either, which I think is the real problem in France rather that street violence.

Facts, selfish little bastards. They don't even care about your feelings.

by Francois in Paris on Tue Mar 4th, 2008 at 09:59:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
In the British case, where is the percieved problem?  Is it just puritan handwringing over people drinking too much?  Is it drunk violence?  Is it people ending up in the hospital from drinking too much?

All of that.  There is the moralistic overtone some groups which is unhelpful in actually tackling the problems.    But largely you get big groups of people going out and getting utterly wasted on many, many drinks - binge drinking is a big problem.  People ending up in hospital from alcohol poisoning, or through fighting or being assaulted.  Fights are very common, from fairly continuous arguments and small brawls to full out fights with people having bottles smashed in their faces, often for no good reason.  Drunk people assaulting the police and paramedics makes the news fairly often.

A completely different atmosphere.  Then there is alcoholism and domestic violence within the homes, problems with underage drinking.  Longer term health issues of liver disease and other alcohol related illnesses.

Brits are generally not getting the concept of drinking sensibly.  I think the core values that are held on how to conduct oneself must be very different between the UK and Japan.

Ad astra per aspera

by In Wales (inwales aaat eurotrib.com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 02:24:56 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Cultural differences indeed.  Japanese people tend to stop drinking when they're drunk, and don't often seem to get too far beyond the puking and falling over phase.  And they just don't fight.
by Zwackus on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 05:48:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The latest brilliant idea, as reported by The Guardian
Ministers are to give the police and local authorities powers to create "alcohol-free zones" through the wholesale withdrawal of licences from pubs and clubs in city-centre problem areas.

The tougher enforcement regime to tackle the worst hotspots of binge drinking was disclosed as police pressed for a compulsory levy on pubs and clubs in order to pay for the extra costs of dealing with disorder.


by gk (g k quattro due due sette "at" gmail.com) on Wed Mar 5th, 2008 at 04:47:59 AM EST


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