LQD: It's Official: Denmark contracts Anglo Disease

by JakeS
Wed Apr 16th, 2008 at 05:38:24 PM EST

It says so in the newspaper [.pdf warning] so it must be true (page four, specifically).

Of course, it doesn't say it in quite so many words, but it gets really amazingly close:

Promoted by Migeru



Vi lever langt over evne

We live far beyond our means

Vi har nu et forbrug, der er langt større end indkomsten. Udviklingen er uholdbar på længere sigt, fastslår økonomer.

We now spend far more than our earnings. This development is unsustainable in the long run.

LARS ERIK SKOVGAARD

LARS ERIK SKOVGAARD

Danskerne bruger nu langt flere penge, end de tjener. Det er hele 104 kroner, som en typisk dansker sidste år futtede af på rejser, restauranter, rødvin og andet forbrug, hver gang 100 kroner blev udbetalt. Det er vel at mærke, efter at indbetalinger på pensioner er trukket fra. Samlet brugte danskerne alene sidste år 50 milliarder kroner mere, end de tjente, viser en optælling fra Danmarks Statistik, der aldrig er lavet før.

Danes now spend far more money than they make. A typical Dane spent 104 kroner last year on travel, restaurants, wine and other consumption, every time he was paid 100 kr. Notably, this is after pensions have been subtracted. A never before performed accounting by Danmarks Statistik [the official Danish bureau of statistics - the go-to-guys for reasonably honest numbers on all kinds of stuff] shows that collectively, the Danish population spent 50 Gkr more than they made during last year alone.

De senere års overforbrug har ført til en nærmest eksplosiv vækst i udlånet fra banker og realkredit, hvor især mange boligejere har belånt friværdier for at kunne bruge flere penge. Den udvikling har Danmarks Nationalbank flere gange udtrykt bekymring for, og [...]

The over consumption of the last few years has led to an almost explosive growth in lending by banks and mortgage [notice, however, that Danish "mortgage" isn't the kind of free-for-all you have in the Anglophone world], where particularly many homeowners have taken loans in their home equity to fund consumption. The Danish National Bank finds this development disturbing, and [...]

<snip lots of economists of various persuasions saying that collectively spending more than we earn is A Very Bad Thing>

<snip lots of economists of various persuasions saying that collectively spending more than we earn is A Very Bad Thing>

Frederik I. Pedersen peger dog på, at de senere års markante overforbrug kommer efter en længere periode frem til 2004, hvor danskerne var yderst mådeholdende og brugte pænt mindre, end de tjente.

However, Frederik I. Pedersen points out that the current marked over consumption comes after a longer period, lasting until 2004, in which Danes showed considerable restraint and spent a fair bit less than they made.

»Så lysten til at bruge penge styres meget af den generelle økonomiske udvikling. Når det går godt, boligpriserne stiger, jobsikkerheden vokser, og lønnen skyder i vejret med stor fart, så skrues der op for forbruget,« siger Frederik I. Pedersen. Sammen med Jakob Legård Jakobsen venter Frederik I. Pedersen, at forbrugslysten tager lidt af i år. Det skyldes, at boligpriserne er under pres, renten er steget, og den generelle usikkerhed om den økonomiske udvikling
især i udlandet er øget.

"So the desire to spend money is very much governed by the general economic situation. In good times, when real estate prices climb, job security grows and wages rise rapidly, consumption is turned up," says Frederik I. Pedersen. Along with Jakob Legård, Frederik I. Pedersen expects consumption to decline a bit this year. This is due to the pressure on real estate prices, interest rate hikes and the general unease regarding the economic situation, particularly abroad.

»Så det private forbrug vil stige lidt min-
dre i år end sidste år. Men fortsat vil dan-
skerne bruge meget mere, end de tjener,«
siger økonomerne. Mikkel Høegh tilføjer,
at hvis danskerne fortsætter med at bruge
meget mere, end de tjener, og ikke af sig
selv vil spare op, kan politikerne blive nødt
til at tvinge dem til det.

"So private consumption will increase a bit less this year than it did last year. But the Danes will still spend much more than they make," the economists say. Mikkel Høegh adds that if Danes keep spending more than they make and do not save money of their own volition, politicians may have to make them save.

les@berlingske.dk

les@berlingske.dk [e-mail to which correspondence should be addressed]

The first three paragraphs practically scream Anglo Disease at me. Particularly considering the way the Fogh government has been subtly (and not so subtly) inflating a housing bubble for the better part of a decade now. There's a lot of funny-money floating around, and apparently that funny-money is being used for consumption.

On the other hand, I don't quite know what to make of the last three paragraphs. Perhaps some of our resident economists can translate them from econospeak into English?

As an aside, can I make a wish for ET 2.0?

I wish for a simpler macro for bilingual columns. Pretty please with cherry on top, as they say across the Pond.

- Jake

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this recent article argues that the U.S. should learn some lessons from the "Danish model":

Foreign Affairs: The Copenhagen Consensus: Reading Adam Smith in Denmark

Policy paths are heavily dependent on prior history, as Americans are reminded whenever they try to depart from the illogic of employer-provided medical insurance. Because of the unique social and political history behind it, Danish flexicurity policy cannot be imported whole by other countries. There are important differences between the welfare states of Scandinavia and those of Germany and France, whose labor safeguards are more protectionist and less flexible. Even greater are the differences with the United States, where unions try to protect what they have because there is no system for facilitating job transitions or for moderating extreme wage disparities. It is hard to imagine the United States importing Danish industry's embrace of trade union partners, or the Danish labor movement's comfort level with outsourcing, or the Danish taxpayer's tolerance of total tax rates of 50 percent. In an interrelated system, changing one element requires changing others.

Yet a national policy of greater competitiveness and greater equality based on dynamic investment in worker skills is too good an idea to ignore. Denmark breaks through stale notions about the inexorable tradeoff between equality and efficiency, as well as the conventional view shared by the American left and the American right that social justice and free trade are incompatible. If a U.S. administration had the political nerve to propose an active labor-market policy on a serious scale, it could not only narrow income gaps and increase overall productivity; it might also reclaim some of the lost support for a more managed brand of capitalism, revive the idea of a role for government in promoting equality as well as efficiency, reclaim trade unions as social partners, and build more compassion among Americans for those of different social strata.

Adam Smith is best known for his axiom that individual acts of selfishness aggregate to a general good. Even Smith, however, acknowledged that there are some economic necessities that market forces cannot provide, such as education. In 1759, long before he wrote The Wealth of Nations, Smith published the less well-known Theory of Moral Sentiments, a treatise on what a modern Danish social democrat might call social solidarity. "How selfish soever man may be supposed," Smith began, "there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him." Reading those words of Adam Smith in Copenhagen did not feel odd at all.



... all progress depends on the unreasonable mensch.
(apologies to G.B. Shaw)
by marco (cowannar at gmail punkt com) on Wed Apr 9th, 2008 at 05:11:53 AM EST
Hmm...

I've been meaning to write a diary or two about the Danish way of doing labour markets for a while. The above quote provides what's essentially the Conventional Wisdom about the Danish Model. And while the Conventional Wisdom is not completely bunk, it is not the whole story either.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Apr 10th, 2008 at 11:47:46 AM EST
[ Parent ]
yes, the article does go into some challenges being faced by the Danish system, including:

  • immigration
  • Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's recent more center-right policies
  • directives directives from the post-Delors "more neoliberal" European Commission
  • speculative international finance
  • the allure of better salaries to Denmark's "best and brightest"

while these are discussed towards the end of the article, the bulk does sound irrepressibly, even unrealistically, positive.

if you like, let me know and i can email you the entire piece.  it would be very interesting to get your take on it.

... all progress depends on the unreasonable mensch.
(apologies to G.B. Shaw)

by marco (cowannar at gmail punkt com) on Thu Apr 10th, 2008 at 04:06:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I figure I'll purchase it myself. The price doesn't seem outrageous and it's a kind of content that I'd like to encourage the Serious Media(TM) to carry more of.

There are a couple of statements in the preview that I disagree with, but overall it seems like a reasonable description of the Nordic social model. Certainly, it would be a good jumping-off point for a diary.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 04:46:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I'm looking forward to Jake's take on this, but meanwhile would be happy if you'd send me a copy... :-)

When locusts move on, they leave nothing behind
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 06:51:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The parts where he sticks to the facts are pretty good. I can at least recognise the society and social model he is describing, even if I think he has a few facts wrong here and there and even if I find his use of soundbyte statistics and reliance on neoliberal economists wearying.

Where he falls flat is in his enthusiasm for the changes over the last fifteen to twenty years, which have been more in the vein of "reform" than improvement, and have been shaped more by the advice of anglo-centric economists than genuine support for the Danish social model. With predictable results.

He also lacks even the first clue about the parliamentary and political situation. When he starts doing parliamentary tea-leaf-reading, your eyes should glaze over, because he can't even get all the party platforms right, much less the dynamics underpinning the current parliamentary constellations.

But keeping those caveats in mind, he provides a pretty good overview of what Danes talk about when they talk about the Danish Model.

As an aside, it should be noted that he commits a sin of omission in that he fails to mention that the other Nordic countries have very similar social models - a detailed analysis of similarities and differences is beyond both my knowledge and the scope of the article in question, but suffice is to say that there are more similarities than differences.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Sun Apr 13th, 2008 at 12:37:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
This passage is also pertinent to stumbling blocks that the Denmark's "third way" had to overcome in the past:

This social consensus, however, requires constant tending. In the 1970s, Denmark's then overly generous lifetime social benefits collided with slow growth resulting from the OPEC oil shock. With the unemployment rate rising sharply, a taxpayer revolt broke out; the nationalist, antitax Progress Party became Denmark's second largest. When I visited Denmark in the late 1980s, to write an article on the faltering Scandinavian "third way," it was not clear whether the Danish model would survive. As late as 1993, the unemployment rate remained stuck at 12 percent.

In the early 1990s, a new Social Democratic government, under Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen and Finance Minister Mogens Lykketoft, brokered macroeconomic and labor-market improvements in three rounds of reforms. Growth was restored, and the model was refined. They worked through a commission that drew on business, labor, academia, and the other major political parties, striking a series of compromises that were typically Danish.

At the time, some prime-age, able-bodied Danes were using unemployment and disability benefits to stay out of the labor force, often for life -- an embarrassment to the work ethic and a practice that was rendering the system unaffordable and undermining its legitimacy. The unions agreed to support a crackdown on abuses: the eligibility time for unemployment compensation was reduced from nine years to four and individualized reemployment plans were created that required the unemployed to meet regularly with counselors to seek new jobs, often in new occupations. (The labor movement's commitment, after all, is to facilitating and rewarding work, not idleness.) This brand of tough love forced many of Denmark's unemployed to seek and find jobs. And in return, the Danish government increased resources for highly customized training and temporary wage subsidies, with special provisions for workers under the age of 25. An unemployed Dane who reports to a job center can qualify for such opportunities as adult apprenticeships and university-level education. Denmark today has the world's highest percentage of workers, 47 percent, in some form of continuing education.



... all progress depends on the unreasonable mensch.
(apologies to G.B. Shaw)
by marco (cowannar at gmail punkt com) on Sat Apr 12th, 2008 at 02:52:29 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Hmm... I am less enamoured of the Nyrup years than the author is. In many ways, Nyrup was just Schlüter lite. And in some ways he was arguably even worse than Schlüter. RiBus happened on his watch, after all. Funny how nobody remembers RiBus anymore.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Sat Apr 12th, 2008 at 10:48:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Hvad er RiBus?

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Apr 16th, 2008 at 11:35:01 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The short version: An extremely vicious labour conflict.

RiBus was a company that ran busses. When it won a bid for outsourcing of public bus routes in Esbjerg, the drivers went on strike, because RiBus did not have acceptable wages and working conditions. The strike lasted for more than 8 months.

It's significant not just because it lasted longer than any other strike in recent Danish history; it also marked the first (and to my knowledge only) recent large-scale use of a number of very nasty union-busting tactics.

  • The striking drivers were fired. That was pretty much unprecedented at the time. You do not generally fire people for striking in Denmark. Doing so is considered very, very bad form.

  • Blacklegs were employed extensively to get around the strike. Blacklegging used to be extremely frowned upon in Denmark. Unfortunately, in recent years that seems to be no longer the case.

  • Police was employed to break blockades. The right to blockade is - or was at the time, at least - almost universally (although not officially) recognised in Denmark. Thus using police to break blockades and protect blacklegging was viewed as a serious breach of the social contract. The ensuing clashes between police and blockade guards would occasionally turn rather ugly.

  • Unknown parties engaged in extensive sabotage of RiBus busses and occasional vandalism directed at the homes and property of known blacklegs. Presumably the saboteurs were anarchists rather than union members - the Danish unions have not condoned sabotage as a weapon in labour conflicts since the September Agreement more than a century earlier.

In the interest of full disclosure, it should be noted that pretty much all my sources for the facts of the case are anarchists and/or marxist-leninists. Everyone to the right of the MLs seem to prefer to forget RiBus or pretend it never happened in the first place. And I was only 8 years old at the time, so all I personally remember is that a lot of people were very angry about something.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Apr 17th, 2008 at 09:03:17 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Heh, I thought you are just about twice as old...

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.
by DoDo on Thu Apr 17th, 2008 at 09:27:32 AM EST
[ Parent ]
What made you think that?

Oh, and I forgot a kind of important detail: The strikers lost. Which is why I don't understand why everyone to the right of the MLs seem to want to airbrush the event from history.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Apr 17th, 2008 at 12:43:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I wish for a simpler macro for bilingual columns.

What browser are you using?

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Wed Apr 9th, 2008 at 05:17:40 AM EST
Opera. But FireFox is also an option. Technically speaking, I could also use Internet Exploder, but I haven't used that in ages, so I'm not familiar with the tweaks.

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Apr 10th, 2008 at 11:38:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
If you have Firefox, open Eurotrib in it. You'll find a button calling on you to download TribExt, a Firefox extension written by someone. (Or just go directly to the TribExt download page.) That extension contains a de luxe bilingual column editor with inbuilt translator.

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.
by DoDo on Thu Apr 10th, 2008 at 02:47:00 PM EST
[ Parent ]


Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.
by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 04:39:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The over consumption of the last few years has led to an almost explosive growth in lending by banks and mortgage

I thought it goes the opposite way...

*Traitor*, n.
A benighted individual who perceives an illusory distinction between serving his nation and abetting the criminals who govern it.

by DoDo on Wed Apr 9th, 2008 at 05:18:26 AM EST
So did I. But apparently the combined wisdom of no less than three economists, the National Bank and a neo-lib newsie says that I'm wrong. So who am I to argue, right :-P

- Jake

Your representatives may not listen to you. But they do read your e-mail.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Apr 10th, 2008 at 11:45:47 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Yes. It's a well-known fact that people buy stuff first and then force their bank or credit institution to give them a loan.


When locusts move on, they leave nothing behind
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 06:55:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
People first spend their savings, then start taking out loans.

The savings rate goes from positive to negative, and some time before the line is crossed credit applications start trending upwards.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 07:40:41 AM EST
[ Parent ]
My heavy snarkery was meant to underline that it's not consumption that leads credit by the nose, but the other way round.

When locusts move on, they leave nothing behind
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Fri Apr 11th, 2008 at 08:06:18 AM EST
[ Parent ]


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