Milton Friedman and Trofim Lysenko

by Colman
Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:05:57 PM EST

The post-autistic economics review has renamed itself as the real-world economics review and the new issue includes an article by David A. Bainbridge which draws some pointed comparisons:
Who is to blame? Both crises are the result of fundamental flaws in our economic system, and both can be attributed in large part to the ignorance of economists like Milton Friedman (1912-2006) and his many disciples, including Alan Greenspan and other key players in the U.S. government and global financial markets. They have long neglected the value of community and Nature’s Services and Natural Capital. Friedman, a classical flat earth economist, represents the peak of economic folly with his statement that, “A company’s only responsibility is to increase profits for stockholders.” This view of economics neglects all the costs the current market does not include, including a wide range of environmental and social costs associated with company operations. This nonsense is still taught in universities and colleges around the world.

This view is as foolish and flawed in its own way as the evolutionary theory championed by Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976). Lysenko was Stalin’s director of biology and promoted views that ignored fundamental research in genetics by Mendel and many others. At the peak of his powers he had dissent outlawed. When his theories didn’t improve yields he gradually fell from favor and science returned. Many people suffered and starved in support of his failed beliefs.

Milton Friedman’s failed beliefs are much more dangerous and have harmed far more people, now and in future generations. Worse yet, his disciples are still in power and favor with the ruling elite. If you ignore reality, reality may bite. The flat earth view of the earth has failed; and by any measure we are taking too much and disposing of our wastes improperly, leading to Global Warming, severe health problems, societal crises, and ecosystem destruction.

Looks like some other good articles in there.


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I still have to work out if this is a fair comment on Friedman or whether it mainly applies to his disciples.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:11:25 PM EST
It applies more to the disciples than Friedman himself, but it applies to both, really.

Where's your motherf*%&ing flag pin?
by Drew J Jones (blahblahblah@blahblahblah.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 01:29:52 PM EST
[ Parent ]
It applies most of all to the US and Soviet governments. Flawed theories are a dime a dozen. What matters is the endorsement/enforcement by government officials (and, in the US case, corporate elites).
by nanne (zwaerdenmaecker@gmail.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 02:07:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I will be with you here... the disciples did not distort Friedman as much as Darwin disciples distorted Darwin....

Friedman did embrace a propaganda structure besides his books on monetary policy.

A pleasure

I therefore claim to show, not how men think in myths, but how myths operate in men's minds without their being aware of the fact. Levi-Strauss, Claude

by kcurie on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 02:24:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Friedman is not Adam Smith, he was alive for most of the period when his disciples were disseminating "his gospel."

As such, his failure to go on the record correcting them amounts to a powerful endorsement of their views.

We allow economists to get away with that kind of behaviour far too often: "They didn't say that really, it was just others interpreting."

That's fine with Smith, Ricardo etc. they weren't around to correct people. But Friedman was and many others are now and they just don't.

If you behave that way in other disciplines, you lose credibility. Why should economics get a free pass?

by Metatone (metatone [a|t] gmail (dot) com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 07:08:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I have been thinking about stockholder value, and I don't know when it happened  but there has been a shift from "stockholder value" = "dividends" to "stockholder value" = "share appreciation" at which point running a company for stockholder value becomes like running a PR operation or even a Ponzi scheme, because the "value" becomes decoupled from the firm's ability to generate dividends
or profit, or revenue.

In addition, standard "share valuation" techniques such as "share price equals discounted present value of future dividends" become false.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:19:28 PM EST
Now that markets are arbitraged, a dividend is equivalent to a stock buyback, since the company's valuation decreases by the dividends it gives, right ?

Auferre, trucidare, rapere, falsis nominibus imperium; atque, ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
by linca (antonin POINT lucas AROBASE gmail.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:27:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I think you're right, in which case out the window goes "fundamental analysis".

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:43:18 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Prices are a social construct and like all social constructs are deeply influenced by PR...

Auferre, trucidare, rapere, falsis nominibus imperium; atque, ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
by linca (antonin POINT lucas AROBASE gmail.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:47:01 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Companies' assets decrease when dividends are paid by the amount of the dividend. And there is always a hiccup in pricing for a couple of days when a share goes from being "cum dividend" to "ex dividend".

But in the short, medium and long term the price reflects  investors' expectations of net income=profits, and whether or not this is paid out in dividends is not generally more than a tax issue.

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 01:35:42 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Migeru:
running a company for stockholder value becomes like running a PR operation

Companies are run like participatory theatre - there's an outline plot, and everyone is supposed to follow that plot, whether or not it makes sense.

Unfortunately different characters have different goals. A common CEO sub-plot involves doing something bold and dramatic - but often rather stupid and financially destructive - in order to Make A Point about one's CEOness.

In the limit this leads to scenes like Iraq.

If there's such a thing as real value, it's going to have more in common with how much people are willing to pay for the tickets which give them a chance to feel part of the show than with any realistic expectation of future returns.

So the PR/story-telling angle creates 'real' value.

How many listed companies have valuations close to the figures that would make sense if fundamentals really mattered?

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 12:57:57 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The reason for the shift has been, as I understand it - taxation. It is very often more effective taxwise to roll up accumulated profits as reserves.

It is therefore "notional" dividends/ retained profits which underpin market value in the same way as notional property rental values underpin property prices, with "Buy to Let" as the arbitrage.  

There's a big difference between:

(a) making Profits - and not paying dividends for tax reasons; and

(b) making losses - so there aren't any profits to retain.

Most DotComs were profit free zones, some without even GROSS revenues, never mind NET.

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 01:28:18 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I think the difference is liquidity. If stock is not very liquid the only profit from it comes from dividends, not from selling the stock.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 06:05:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Here in the US it happened in the mid-80's.  I got my MBA (MS actually) at MIT in 1982 and remember when friends at Harvard started talking about "shareholder value" and "shareholder wealth" in 1983 and 1984 - part of the boom in strategic planning and strategic thinking.  It caught on rapidly.
by cambridgemac on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 07:02:42 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The 1980's? Cue in Gecko's "greed is good".

And note how he extols the gilded age and the robber barons, and the social Darwinist narrative. Maybe in the 1980's the lid was lifted by the fact of the fading memory of the Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. After all, in the introduction to his book The Great Crash 1929, J K Galbraith says that it is memory and not regulation that prevents speculative bubbles and crashes.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes

by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 04:38:32 AM EST
[ Parent ]
European Tribune - Milton Friedman and Trofim Lysenko
Friedman, a classical flat earth economist, represents the peak of economic folly with his statement that, "A company's only responsibility is to increase profits for stockholders." This view of economics neglects all the costs the current market does not include, including a wide range of environmental and social costs associated with company operations. This nonsense is still taught in universities and colleges around the world.

I don't think it's economic folly: I think it's metaphysical folly.

I think Friedman's statement is probably correct and illustrates the sociopathic nature of "The Corporation" as a legal construct.

His "Economics" is therefore built upon a deeply nasty axiom, an unethical legal assumption to go along with the plain daft "Homo economicus" behavioural assumption and so on.

His economics is like a submarine - a wonderful piece of engineering, but with a malign purpose of sinking ships and launching nuclear missiles.

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 01:49:41 PM EST
You know, I profoundly disagree with you and the article about this, and agree with Milton Friedman: a company's sole responsibility is to increase profit for its stockholders.

I would only make more explicit an assumption that I think Friedman would also agree with


a company's sole responsibility is to lawfully increase profit for its stockholders.

Respecting the law is at the heart of the market economy, so this is not an onerous addition, right?

Except that once this is made clear, it also follows that the State can decide to make companies behave in any way it wants by setting the laws and regulations to do so. Charge companies for pollution, put in place minimum wages, working hours, safety rules, etc... it's all possible and not at all incompatible with Uncle Milton's Rule.

Which of course brings us to what the laws applying to corporations should be, which is a whole other topic. Arguing that rules should be as light as possible for corporations is a completely different proposition to saying that corporations should only focus on profit. We move from having corporations as a tool to get things done efficienctly and profitably, to making stockholders' profits the focsu of policy. That distinction is worth making, because it is vital.

Corporations are a great tool, when properly applied.
Corporations' stockholders do not deserve breaks, unless citizens choose so.

Which inevitably brings us to how laws are made, lobbyists, and who pays for them. It probably also brings up the concept of the personhood of corporations, and the rights that go with it. and this is where the real political debate should be.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes

by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 03:18:49 PM EST
[ Parent ]
In sum, economics is political.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 03:27:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Last time I checked, Friedman and his ilk were of the opinion that any regulatory laws that hinder a private enterprise's ability to profit are detrimental, that the market can only be free if it was free of political interference.   Now, maybe YOU don't agree with that, but I am pretty sure, if any human being has embraced that theory, it was Friedman.  

Maybe my comment is clearly written by someone who has no background in economics.  But  your comment is clearly written by someone whose life has not been lived out in a country where Friedman's ideas have been given free reign.  Also, did you not read the Shock Doctrine, or did you conclude its argument was unfounded?

I am sure I speak for others when I say I read economists here talking about these matters on a level so entirely removed from reality and am dumbfounded.  Economics is a tool to serve society, not itself.  The purity or consistency of some economic theory means nothing if in the end, the majority of people are not benefiting from it.  It's navel gazing with lethal consequences.   How we can sit here and rue the infinite number of crises facing humanity and turn around and state "a company's sole responsibility is to lawfully increase profit for its stockholders" when these crises are legally YES! legally benefiting corporations or even sometimes caused by them - I simply do not know.  

Also, uhm, the laws are such around here that companies shape legislation more than citizens.  Which is why their actions are legal.  So we have to change the laws?  Tell me, how we can do so and respect that a company's sole responsibility is to lawfully increase profit for its stockholders?   We're in a catch 22 here and eventually if we do not accept that companies have a larger obligation to society, we have no argument on which to base, oh, a law that would require AIDS patients who cannot afford treatment have access to it anyway.

So easy to be a free-market proponent when your access to healthcare is guaranteed.

Or maybe you meant "primary" instead of "sole."

"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."

by poemless on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 03:57:16 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I see Jerome's stance as in line with his rather controversial diary a couple years ago against private charitable giving.  

Perhaps it's that X thing - getting inculcated with a strong belief in the idea that a powerful and capable bureaucratic elite is the social actor with the primary responsibility for safeguarding society, as opposed to the more American individualistic one. ;)

by MarekNYC on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:05:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I was thinking of that too.  I actually agree with the idea that a powerful and capable bureaucratic elite is the social actor with the primary responsibility for safeguarding society.  But Primary is not the same as Sole, and Reality is not the same as How I Wish The World Worked.

"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."
by poemless on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:09:33 PM EST
[ Parent ]
BTW, a little secret, he is against private charitable giving - but not so much in practice.  Which is a good thing, he is a caring guy, but again it illustrates the gulf between theory and reality.

"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."
by poemless on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:12:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
in theory, theory and practice are the same.
in practice, they aren't.
by PIGL on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 10:58:35 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I specifically stated that the core issue was who get to draft (or influence) legislation.

Healthcare access is guaranteed because the State set it this way. Corporations are endlessly lobbying against it ("it's too expensive"), but thankfully the population won't go for that, so any changes are, so far, only at the margins.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes

by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:49:34 PM EST
[ Parent ]
If you believe "a company's sole responsibility is to lawfully increase profit for its stockholders" I disagree with you.

"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."
by poemless on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 05:15:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Jerome a Paris:
You know, I profoundly disagree with you and the article about this, and agree with Milton Friedman: a company's sole responsibility is to increase profit for its stockholders.

That's not a disagreement: we are all - you, me, Friedman - saying that this is a Corporation's responsibility. Our disagreement, if any, lies in whether or not a Corporation is capable of being adequately regulated.

A Corporation exists to make a profit for its shareholders. I don't see anything sociopathic about creating value in interactions with other stakeholders.

The problem lies in the nature of these interactions.

It goes without saying that Corporations must act  lawfully. In the same way that laws are made to regulate what individual "legal persons" may do, so it is that laws may be made that regulate what these artificial "legal persons" may do.

No disagreement there either.

My problem with Corporations arises from the nature of their privilege of limitation of liability, nothing else. It is the effect of this privilege which leads to Corporate Social Responsibility being an oxymoron.

Investors in "Corporations"  do not compensate Society adequately IMHO in respect of the privilege of limitation of liability which they receive.

I believe that because of this  privilege of exclusion of liability the relationship between Corporations and other stakeholders -  suppliers, customers, staff, management and financiers/lenders all aka "Costs"- is "broken" in terms of the imperfect sharing of risk and reward.

This is why "costs" are "externalised" insofar as Corporations can achieve it within the law.

IMHO partnership-based corporate vehicles such as the UK LLP are emerging because they allow risks and rewards to be shared more equitably between stakeholders by "internalising" stakeholders as Members.

Within a partnership there is no profit, and no loss.

In short I believe that the UK government inadvertently made the Corporation obsolete on 6 April 2001 when they were blackmailed by the accounting and legal professions into legislating the LLP.

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 03:57:47 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Porsche's disdainful capitalist

"Our business model is only financed by customers. So we have to pay a lot of attention to our customers. When the customer is happy then the worker is happy too and so are the suppliers. Then there should be enough money left for the shareholder. But that is the order of importance," he says.

All of this is part of Mr Wiedeking's insistence that he is not a slave to the capital markets: "The question is: how can society allow capital to make all the rules? I have never understood shareholder value as it leaves so many things out. Shareholders give their money just once, whereas the employees work every day."

Of course he can say that since Porsche is more or less owned by two families.

by Detlef (Detlef1961_at_yahoo_dot_de) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:13:05 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Like we needed another reason to want a Porsche...


"This is nothing compared to how Putin rigged Eurovision."
by poemless on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:15:50 PM EST
[ Parent ]
he's just smart enough about what's the best way to make money for his shareholders, in the long run.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (jeromeguillet@yahoo.fr) on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 04:46:47 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I would agree with your addition except that we are talking about Friedman.  Since Friedman argued for effectively zero regulation of business, effectively anything would be a lawful pursuit of profit, including the massive cost externalizations that regulations try to internalize.  Friedman's position was, in a very real sense, that any market action that produced profit was inherently good and not to be interfered with.

The economic-legal debate for most of the 20th Century was whether society should promote efficiency so long as it was not too unjust or justice so long as it was not too inefficient.  Friedman and his Neo-Austrians showed they were willing to throw efficiency and justice under the bus for the sake of profits while simultaneously claiming that the profits would create both efficiency and justice.

by rifek on Sat May 24th, 2008 at 10:48:40 PM EST
[ Parent ]
by Gaianne on Thu May 22nd, 2008 at 05:52:46 PM EST
Coleman,

Thanks for this.  The link to the formerly "Post-Autistic Economics Review is by itself a breath of fresh air.

Finally a generation has arrived equipped with a gag reflex whose threshold is set below infinity.  I wish them all success.  In "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" Thomas Kuhn observed that new paradigms often had to wait until the well placed proponents of older paradigms died.  And that is in scientific disciplines.

IMHO,in its Liberal and Neo-Liberal incarnations, economics is not even a science as it is axiomatic (see p.26 of linked work) and its underlying propositions are assumed. It is more like a system of theology than anything else.  It seems as though its practitioners, rather than  formulating a testable hypothesis, making predictions that could be found to either be true or false based thereupon, and then testing those predictions, rather behave more like fundamentalist creationists, who start with their belief and grasp at any conceivable substantiation.

In an opinion piece in the April, 2008 issue of "Scientific  American" Robert Nadeau, who teaches environmental science and public policy at George Mason University notes that the founders of Neo-classical economics, W.S.Jevons, Leon Walrus, Maria Edgeworth and Vilfredo Paraeto did not derive from observation the rigorous mathematical formulations which were credited with transforming economics into a science.  Instead they borrowed them from von Helmholtz who proposed them as a solution to lacunae in Newtonian physics to account for phenomena of heat, light and electricity.    Other theories prevailed in physics, James Clerk Maxwell's Electrical Field Theory and Boltzmann's formulations in thermodynamics, for instance. Physicists and mathematicians told the economists that there was no theoretical basis for substituting economic variables for physical variables in Helmholtz's equations, but they were undeterred. This "borrowing" was forgotten and subsequent generations of "mainstream" economists accepted the claim that the theory was scientific.

Neo-classical Economics is essentially a rhetorical system, rather like a collection of "Just So" stories, that is axiomatic and well adapted to confounding critics.  If a student disagrees with the axions, they will not do well in the class.  Adam Smith's METAPHOR  of "the invisible hand of the market" has been inflated beyond all recognition to become more like the LEFT HAND OF GOD.  Tobin at Yale has commented to the effect that, after 200 years, if it was more than a metaphor one would think that the economists would have at least articulated some of the fingers.

The fact that Neo-classical Economics has been so successfully used to buttress institutions such as the modern corporation does not, of itself, detract from the value of the corporation.  What the undermining of the foundation of Neo-classical Economics could do is render features such as limited liability, executive compensation, shareholder rights and corporate ethics and responsibility vulnerable to rational criticism and to an effective analysis of the costs and benefits of these features to the society that charters said corporation.  Come the day!

If sanity be culturally normative, then by the norms of this culture I claim insanity.

by ARGeezer (argeezer@yahoo.com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 12:59:33 AM EST
In an opinion piece in the April, 2008 issue of "Scientific  American" Robert Nadeau, who teaches environmental science and public policy at George Mason University notes that the founders of Neo-classical economics, W.S.Jevons, Leon Walrus, Maria Edgeworth and Vilfredo Paraeto did not derive from observation the rigorous mathematical formulations which were credited with transforming economics into a science.  Instead they borrowed them from von Helmholtz who proposed them as a solution to lacunae in Newtonian physics to account for phenomena of heat, light and electricity.    Other theories prevailed in physics, James Clerk Maxwell's Electrical Field Theory and Boltzmann's formulations in thermodynamics, for instance. Physicists and mathematicians told the economists that there was no theoretical basis for substituting economic variables for physical variables in Helmholtz's equations, but they were undeterred. This "borrowing" was forgotten and subsequent generations of "mainstream" economists accepted the claim that the theory was scientific.
You know, you should do a "lazy quote diary" just on that opinion piece.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 04:40:59 AM EST
[ Parent ]
You know, you should do a "lazy quote diary" just on that opinion piece.

I have been thinking of doing something like that. However, I am new to ET and to the use of hyperlinks and HTML.  I have seen references to "lazy quotes" in the New User Guide, but may have failed to grasp something fundamental as to the meaning.  It still seems like work to me.

As it is, I often lurch around like a drunk on ET, posting comments on Diaries other than those intended, mistaking people's intent, etc. and I am fain to further annoy and test patience.  The Geezer part of my Tag IS NOT an affectation.  At present I am functioning on four hours sleep, something I no longer do so well, and suffering a sore back from yard work yesterday. The insomnia was partly due to yesterday's discovery of Post Autistic Economics, courtesy of Coleman's diary.  A flash of light in the darkness can do that to me. Well worth the insomnia.  Like Rocky Raccoon, "I'll be better just as soon as I am able."

Thanks for the encouragement.


If sanity be culturally normative, then by the norms of this culture I claim insanity.

by ARGeezer (argeezer@yahoo.com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 12:18:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I sure wish this book were available more cheaply...

The difference between theory and practise in practise ...
by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Sat May 31st, 2008 at 01:04:23 AM EST
[ Parent ]

L'auteur Bainbridge dit que le modèle Friedman de maximisation forcenée des profits au bénéfice des actionnaires est "a flat earth model " , donc aussi
" pertinent" que l'assertion " notre Planète Terre est un disque, pas une sphère " ; et que Friedman est comparable à Lyssenko ( oui , deux s dans mon dicofrançais ) , modèle d'imposteur scientifique .

Ne peut-on en dire autant du modèle d'équilibre général de Gérard Debreu dont l'universitaire GUERRIEN ( bi-docteur , en maths et en économie ) , spécialiste de ce modèle , dit qu'il est " une coquille VIDE" !

Mais Debreu a eu le prix Nobel d'économie , me direz-vous ?
Oui , mais son co-lauréat pour ce prix , ARROW , s'est exprimé ainsi devant les journalistes ,en substance , à la sortie de la séance d'attribution du Nobel :
" Nous aurions plutôt mérité , Debreu et moi , un prix en maths ; notre modèle fait preuve d'une certaine virtuosité mathématique mais ses hypothèses éconmiques de base sont peu réalistes et donc la pertinence économique de notre modèle laisse à désirer "

Merci , Arrow , pour votre élégante et courageuse auto-critique !
 

Einstein a écrit : " la militarisation , c'est le cancer de la civilisation "

by kosmanek (kedith5668@aol.com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 09:55:09 AM EST
Mr Bainbridge
Please , write soon a similary text :
" Milton Friedman and Gerard Debreu "
Debreu-Arrow's model is an " empty model"
says Bernard Guerrien , a prominent specialist of this model .

Einstein a écrit : " la militarisation , c'est le cancer de la civilisation "
by kosmanek (kedith5668@aol.com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 10:19:47 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The title would be better so :
" Milton Friedman , Gerard Debreu and Trofim Lysenko"
Scientific or social imposture in the 3 cases ?

Einstein a écrit : " la militarisation , c'est le cancer de la civilisation "
by kosmanek (kedith5668@aol.com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 10:23:26 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Via [someone's approximative translation technology]  

kosmanek: kosmanek:
L'auteur Bainbridge dit que le modèle Friedman de maximisation forcenée des profits au bénéfice des actionnaires est "a flat earth model " , donc aussi " pertinent" que l'assertion " notre Planète Terre est un disque, pas une sphère " ; et que Friedman est comparable à Lyssenko ( oui , deux s dans mon dicofrançais ) , modèle d'imposteur scientifique .The author Bainbridge said that Friedman's model of frenzied maximization of profits for the benefit of shareholders is "a flat earth model", making "relevant" the assertion that "our Earth is a disc, not a sphere" and that Friedman is comparable to Lyssenko (yes, two s's in my French Dictionary), the quintessential scientific impostor.
Ne peut-on en dire autant du modèle d'équilibre général de Gérard Debreu dont l'universitaire GUERRIEN ( bi-docteur , en maths et en économie ) , spécialiste de ce modèle , dit qu'il est " une coquille VIDE" !Can we say the same of the general equilibrium model of Gerard Debreu, which GUERRIEN (PhDs in math and economics), a specialist in this model, described as "an EMPTY shell!"
Mais Debreu a eu le prix Nobel d'économie , me direz-vous ? Oui , mais son co-lauréat pour ce prix , ARROW , s'est exprimé ainsi devant les journalistes ,en substance , à la sortie de la séance d'attribution du Nobel : " Nous aurions plutôt mérité , Debreu et moi , un prix en maths ; notre modèle fait preuve d'une certaine virtuosité mathématique mais ses hypothèses éconmiques de base sont peu réalistes et donc la pertinence économique de notre modèle laisse à désirer "But Debreu was a Nobel laureate in economics, you say? Yes, but his co-winner of this award, ARROW, spoke to journalists and said, in essence, upon exiting the Nobel awards: "We would have rather won, I and Debreu, a maths price; our model showed a certain mathematical virtue but its basic economic assumptions are unrealistic and therefore the economic relevance of our model is unsatisfactory "
Merci , Arrow , pour votre élégante et courageuse auto-critique ! Thank you, Arrow, for your elegant and courageous self-criticism!
by someone (s0me1smail(a)gmail(d)com) on Fri May 23rd, 2008 at 11:15:30 AM EST
[ Parent ]


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