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Neudalism? A Comment

by afew Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 09:42:12 AM EST

Below is a comment meant for Jerome's Neo-feudalism and neo-nihilism, that turned into a diary:

I've said before that I disagree (and so agree with Migel Sanchez) with this loose use of "feudalism" as an analogy for the socio-economic order most of us see coming into being. Feudalism was a highly-coded system of mutual obligations, sanctioned by religion, in which membership of a particular class was strictly regulated and clearly visible. You can rush in with parallels, and there are many suggested in Jerome's diary and the discussion on it, but all of them are too approximate or strained. What's emerging is something new, in which those at the top don't even need to offer guarantees in return for their power (one thing that died the death in the latest financial crisis was already-sick old Fordism), or engage in struggle with the regalian power of the State, since by various means they possess inordinate influence over it.

I've no idea what to call it, and it might be argued that "feudalism" is as good a catchword as another since most people make a face when they hear it. But I'd suggest that accepting it may simply obfuscate and delay a more accurate description of what's going on.


Enough pedantry, the neo-nihilism is more of a problem, imo. That the social redistribution systems built in the postwar years are being more or less speedily dismantled to pay for and permit more of the risk-taking of the financial sector, is now quite widely understood. I meet people who are ready to protest against this, perhaps even to move on to a more serious fight (this is in France...). All the same, there's a lost-cause undercurrent one can feel. And not everyone wants to fight. Among younger people, as Bernard points out, it's common to say "there'll be no pension for me". The corollary seems to be "I'll deal with it myself". If you were to say: "Tomorrow, there'll be no health insurance", that might get the same response. When you're young enough, you may feel you've got time to work things out and nothing bad will happen to you. And what's widespread is the notion that I (or a clannish "we") can fight my/our way through in a competitive world.

It's like competitiveness for countries: if all countries fight to become competitive, they will all have a trade surplus. So with individuals: if we all perform well in a competitive system, we will all win. Well, no. There'll be winners and losers. In fact, far more of the latter than the former. But I'll make it. Whatever it takes, I'll get by.

So there's a fair amount (as in, "a lot") of illusion involved. The illusion is not without an ideological basis in notions surrounding competition and the individual. Individualism is the key poison that has seeped through a couple of generations now, since even while the "boomers" were dreaming of a new world they were even more passionately holding that each should do his/er own thing, that it was his/er own dreams s/he should accomplish. Is this wrong, is it quite impossible to imagine a just and equal society in which each individual may follow his dream, is moot. Moot because, in the context of empowerment of globalising financial capitalism that kicked off in the '70s, romantic individualism became, for most, simply subsumed into the individualism of the liberal economy. In point of historical fact, an entire generation that hankered after a better and fairer world, did little to bring it about. And the key neolib themes of competition and economic individualism made their way into the Zeitgeist practically unchallenged.

And they are there now, undermining even the determination of those who think they should put up a fight. Check the sexiness of terms like "collective", "cooperate", "collaborate", "mutual", "reciprocal", (for example). They barely exist in today's ideological space (with a possible Nordic exception, see ChrisCook and Sven T), and they have largely been disqualified as belonging to some proven-bankrupt red-flag nightmare.

What can we do? Accurately describe what's happening without reaching for the crutch of imprecise historical analogies, for one ;). Attempt (however difficult it may be) to undermine the foundations of the common wisdom, the manufactured consent that keep the technocrats and communicators on the strait and narrow. These are things ET can have a shot at, even though we don't even scale to David v Goliath. Harder still - who has the mythology of human cooperation that needs to put individualism in its place? Who can think it, flesh it out, brand it, market it, push it?

See anyone else moving on this?

Display:
Get engaged! Lost cause, ok, but even then, for inspiration, read Zizek on the subject, take inspiration, and get engaged. Whatever your ideological predilictions (and mine are pretty well known...but I accept that we have differences), get off the internet and get to your local and get engaged.

Speaking of which, I've shortly to get off to my own, where we appear for cantonales to have finally reached an agreement with one of the major left parties here in France who is outside of our grouping to present a common list. A high score equals a more credible voice, and a common voice, this is important too, even if you are using like me the electoral process as an extension of protest, an extension of the domain of struggle.

Get to it all, there's work to be done!

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs

by redstar on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 09:48:05 AM EST
reviewed in the Times:

http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3800980.ece

Where has my html gone?

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs

by redstar on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:24:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Ah, okay

The phenomenal Slavoj Zizek TLS

... As with existentialism, the precise content of the redemptive event, as opposed to the miraculous fact of its occurrence, is not always the main point at stake. Žižek agrees with Badiou that it is better to cling disastrously to such a revelation of truth than to remain indifferent to it, which is surely not the case. There is nothing admirable in fidelity for its own sake. Luke-warmness is not the most heinous of crimes. ...


Of all the ways of organizing banking, the worst is the one we have today — Mervyn King, 25 October 2010
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:35:04 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Luke-warmness is not the most heinous of crimes.
Apparently both Žižek and Saint John agree it is. Revelation 3:16 - Passage Lookup - New International Version, ©2010 - BibleGateway.com
So, because you are lukewarm--neither hot nor cold--I am about to spit you out of my mouth.


Of all the ways of organizing banking, the worst is the one we have today — Mervyn King, 25 October 2010
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:39:31 AM EST
[ Parent ]
lack of engagement....

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs
by redstar on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:48:21 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Jim Hightower:
"The only thing in the middle of the road are yellow stripes and dead armadillos".

Capitalism searches out the darkest corners of human potential, and mainlines them.
by geezer in Paris (risico at wanadoo(flypoop)fr) on Sat Jan 15th, 2011 at 03:31:29 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Moderation in all things...

Desire is the evil we seek to let go...

Align culture with our nature.

by ormondotvos (ormond no spam lmi net no spam) on Sun Jan 16th, 2011 at 01:08:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
redstar:
read Zizek on the subject
What do you suggest as a first read?

Oh, and for laughs: Amazon.com: First As Tragedy, Then As Farce (9781844674282): Slavoj Zizek: Books

Review

The Elvis of cultural theory. (The Chronicle of Higher Education )



Of all the ways of organizing banking, the worst is the one we have today — Mervyn King, 25 October 2010
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:26:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"In defence of lost causes".

Very influential for me.

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs

by redstar on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:31:19 AM EST
[ Parent ]
again excuse the lack of html memory...

http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2008/sherman080908.html


I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs

by redstar on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:30:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:09:00 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I do local. When I speak of the "lost cause" undercurrent, it's just an observation. It seems to me there are people who are willing to go through the motions of protest, but don't expect to win.
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:05:29 AM EST
[ Parent ]
BTW, that's not meant as an argument against your points.
by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:10:10 AM EST
[ Parent ]
And I also know you do not take it as a lost cause either, though I also witness the same attitude around me, and sometimes see it here.

I should have been more specific about what I meant and the audience I intended...

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs

by redstar on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 05:09:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
was intended generally.

I would be ashamed to admit that I had risen from the ranks. When I rise it will be with the ranks, and not from them Eugene Debs
by redstar on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 05:08:32 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Feudalism was a highly-coded system of mutual obligations, sanctioned by religion, in which membership of a particular class was strictly regulated and clearly visible.

So, neudalism would be a highly-coded system of mutual obligations, sanctioned by raw physical attraction, in which membership of a particular class is strictly regulated and clearly visible due to clothes being outlawed?
by someone (s0me1smail(a)gmail(d)com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 10:50:40 AM EST
Hmmm.

But where would the strict regulations come from?

by afew (afew(a in a circle)eurotrib_dot_com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:00:48 AM EST
[ Parent ]
And often confused with noodlism (at least for those with yod-dropping accents), the belief in the great spaghetti monster.
by njh on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 07:48:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I'm not concerned about finances, etc. I'm concerned about basic survival, and not for myself (58 years) but for those less than 30 and/or with young children. When will the Dick Cheney's not be content with an artificial pump for a heart and simply find an appropriate "donor" against his/her will? Humans as cattle ... a recurent theme of mine. I see it coming.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wp4O7v5320
by THE Twank (yatta blah blah @ blah.com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:10:16 AM EST
"Humans as cattle" will not really be feasible until TPTB have given up the pretense of governing by the consent of the governed. But in the USA they may be well on the way to getting a majority to agree to treat a minority as cattle. We do have historical precedents. I have ancestors who were herded off like cattle from their ancestral lands to Indian Territory, even as their elites brought with them their black slaves -- hierarchy amongst the cattle!  

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:49:34 AM EST
[ Parent ]
On another note, your signature is apposite in the context of Jerome's and Afew's diaries: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."

Of all the ways of organizing banking, the worst is the one we have today — Mervyn King, 25 October 2010
by Migeru (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 12:03:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Full quote: "It is not necessary to hope in order to act, nor to succeed in order to persevere." - Wm. of Orange. Many times his cause seemed hopeless but his perseverance brought he and his wife, Mary, the Throne of England. It is good to remember that we are not the first to face long odds.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 03:51:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The basic elements of this are already in place. TPTB won't treat us like property, but like commodity investments - if we are "performing assets" we will be given some attention and consideration, but once we become "non-performing" according to whatever flawed statistical measure they're using at the moment, we will be tossed aside as irrelevant.

The neoliberal "education reform" movement shows this in practice. Under the guise of promoting "student achievement" they seek to radically reshape American education so that money is directed to students, teachers, and schools who succeed on a narrow scope of analysis (mainly test scores) - and those that "fail" will simply be abandoned, fired, or closed.

Slavery isn't the right analogy, at least not now. No, we're all becoming stocks.

And the world will live as one

by Montereyan (robert at calitics dot com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:56:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
once we become "non-performing" ... we will be tossed aside as irrelevant.

As with those who have been employed 99+ weeks and those who have been on welfare more than five years.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:10:46 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"unemployed 99+ weeks"

Align culture with our nature.
by ormondotvos (ormond no spam lmi net no spam) on Sun Jan 16th, 2011 at 01:29:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
What are you talking about??? It already came, just last week. Big headlines.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/30/AR2010123004722.html

I suppose it's not quite the same as getting heart from somebody, though...

by asdf on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:18:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
And they were sisters and the donor offered the kidney to her sister, even if there was the element of coercion that the release was contingent on the surgery. There are alleged to be places where one might wake up with a big line of sutures over where a kidney once was, or simply be unplugged after all harvest-able organs have been removed.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:33:30 AM EST
[ Parent ]
... in feudalism, whether we look to medieval Europe, medieval Japan, or the cattle feudalisms of Africa, is the legitimacy myth of feudalism ...

... but what real reason is there to think that it was ever provided in any real positive sense?

And if it was provided in a "lesser of two evils" sense, in what fundamental way is that different to the legitimacy myth of transnational corporatism?

Authority is a personal relationship between feudal vassal and feudal lord: check.

Wealth derives from authority over those outside of the privileged lord-vessel authority network: check.

Looks like feudalism to me. It might not be identical in all details with European Medieval feudalism, but (1) European Medieval feudalism was not the only feudal system we have to consider and (2) neither was European Medieval feudalism identical in all details with European Medieval feudalism as commonly understood, with actual rules of behavior having to be seen through accounts written by people fully institutionalized to the folkviews of the day regarding feudalism.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 03:48:07 PM EST
We in The WestTM have moved from feudalism through the so called enlightenment into  "modern" states in theory characterized by universal rights, popular sovereignty, position based on merit, social mobility, etc. to our current "post-modern" system via the transformation of society by unrestrained market forces back into an updated version of the feudal system where our journey started. A large part of the reason for this sad debacle has been that "The Enlightenment" was and always has been an affair of the elites. Until the 20th century the elites have always been the model for the rest of society. As Eric Hobsbawm has noted, that ceased to be the case for the first time in the post-WWII period with the rise of popular culture.

Our Industrial Age education system is ill equipped to engage students in ways that might make the possibilities of human existence interesting. For starters, it is now obsessed with standardized tests, with everyone wanting their children to be above normal. Few seem to see much problem with this. Our curriculum and methods more resemble a procedure for bottling soda pop than any real attempt to "lead forth" in the manner indicated by the Latin term educere.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."

by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 04:09:04 PM EST
[ Parent ]
We do have to be careful that feudalism does mean something in particular and its certainly not the only form of authoritarian oligarchy.

I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.
by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 11:42:52 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Did the above comment imply otherwise? The Enlightenment was certainly not the start of the move away from feudalism. That began, at least, in the 12th century in England, with the successful attempts to turn obligations to provide armed knights and yeomen into obligations to provide specified amounts of money instead, etc. Other countries followed different time lines.

As the Dutch said while fighting the Spanish: "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:05:30 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Some Eurocentric description of the process makes it into a false stages of growth model, many more leave the issue ambiguous.

I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.
by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 03:53:37 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Sicily gave up on feudalism in 1813. Fifty years later the new Italian state in Sicily continued to grapple with feudalism. We could even remark that Italy today is still grappling with feudalism.

Was the end of feudalism all that good in Sicily? Basically it established that justice was no longer administered by barons or the Church but was solely administered by the state- perhaps the most important distinction between the modern state and feudalism, the monopoly of justice and violence.

Land? It's a matter of entitlement, a donation. Land comes with entitlement, a system of mutual obligations.

Who got shortchanged in the end were the serfs morphed into "individuals." They no longer had access to the rights for land usage (gardening, hunting, water) and were further impoverished, leading to periodical violent revolts. As for the land, what little could be censused ended up in the hands of the aristocracy and the emerging rich classes. Only 3% went to small landowners.

As for justice, the state was not all that good at state-building. Justice to this day is still metted out by local power groups in competition or collusion with the state. Call it organized crime or mafia it has a long pedigree.

Feudalism continues to condition the modern state as it has done in the nost so distant past.

by de Gondi (publiobestia aaaatttthotmaildaughtusual) on Thu Jan 13th, 2011 at 07:01:14 PM EST
[ Parent ]


An American trends analyst told a Russian news service recently that in 2011, young people from industrial societies around the world will unite on the Internet to overthrow increasingly ineffective elements of globalism that have driven their economies into depression.

In a wide-ranging interview with Russia Today (RT) on Monday, Gerald Celente made the bold prediction along with a raft of other prognostications on humanity's growing trends.

http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/01/trends-analyst-predicts-global-youth-uprising-2011/



Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice.
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 05:19:20 PM EST
Not everywhere:

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan -- Cheering crowds have gathered in recent days to support the assassin who riddled the governor of Punjab with 26 bullets and to praise his attack -- carried out in the name of the Prophet Muhammad -- as an act of heroism. To the surprise of many, chief among them have been Pakistan's young lawyers, once seen as a force for democracy.

Their energetic campaign on behalf of the killer has caught the government flat-footed and dismayed friends and supporters of the slain politician, Salman Taseer, an outspoken proponent of liberalism who had challenged the nation's strict blasphemy laws.

... the lawyers showered rose petals over the confessed killer, Malik Mumtaz Hussain Qadri, a member of an elite police group who had been assigned to guard the governor, but who instead turned his gun on him. They have now enthusiastically taken up his defense.

It may seem a stark turnabout for a group that just a few years ago looked like the vanguard of a democracy movement. They waged months of protests in 2007 and 2008 to challenge Pakistan's military dictator after he unlawfully removed the chief justice.

But the lawyers' stance is perhaps just the most glaring expression of what has become a deep generational divide tearing at the fabric of Pakistani society, and of the broad influence of religious conservatism -- and even militancy -- that now exists among the educated middle class.

They are often described as the Zia generation: Pakistanis who have come of age since the 1980s, when the military dictator, Gen. Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, began to promote Islam in public education and to use it as a political tool to unify this young and insecure nation.

Today, the forces he set loose have gained such strength that they threaten to overwhelm voices for tolerance in Pakistan's feeble civilian government.
...
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/world/asia/11pakistan.html



Maybe it's because I'm a Londoner - that I moved to Nice.
by Ted Welch (tedwelch-at-mac-dot-com) on Tue Jan 11th, 2011 at 06:04:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Feudalism was a highly-coded system of mutual obligations, sanctioned by religion, in which membership of a particular class was strictly regulated and clearly visible.

How is this any different than modern America?

"Mutual obligations" - the system of contract law, for employment and debts in particular, function as mutual obligations, albeit stacked in favor of the wealthier party.

"Sanctioned by religion" - American religion, at least its dominant strand, openly embraces the Protestant work ethic. American economic practices and relationships are very much given legitimacy by our churches. And most of those churches reinforce the mutual obligations described above. Go into any megachurch in America today (I know, I know, but bear with me) and ask them what a "jubilee" is. They'll shrug.

"membership of a particular class was strictly regulated and clearly visible" - this too exists, from dress codes in schools, work sites, and other institutions to the myriad cultural forms and practices that reinforce American class distinctions. Those practices do not have big bold lettering on them that says "This reinforces class divisions and hierarchies" but most Americans have at least an instinctive understanding that this is what is going on.

And the world will live as one

by Montereyan (robert at calitics dot com) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:05:39 AM EST
One can tell a tremendous amount about a person by the way he or she dresses. It's not legally enforced, but voluntarily adopted so as to fit in with one's peers.
by asdf on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 12:30:01 AM EST
[ Parent ]
It is legally enforced that unless you have the cash to fit into a high enough class set you are not allowed to use the sacred symbols of Gucci et al.

A vote for PES is a vote for EPP! A vote for EPP is a vote for PES! Support the coalition, vote EPP-PES in 2009!
by A swedish kind of death on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 06:30:49 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Indeed. The Bullingdon costume costs about the same as a used car.


-----
sapere aude
by Number 6 on Fri Jan 21st, 2011 at 12:05:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The old Feudal system, at least as romanticized, offered a simple bargain. The peasantry would support the nobility in return for protection and employment.

The peasants needed leadership, they needed to be told what to do, no one could figure that out for themselves.  They needed law, and preferably law legitimated by some entity vastly larger than themselves, best of all, some lord of the universe concerned with their personal welfare.

Someone had to be in charge of the land, and of dispute resolution, because men were disputatious, and selfish, and would not naturally gravitate towards peace. The nobility agreed to fulfill this leadership role.

And so it goes, and so it went; the peasants growing the food and tending to the livestock, craftsmen producing the goods, officers keeping the peace, with the occasional raising of an army when neighbors got out of control.

And wise men observed "If there were a superabundance of everything, there would be no need for Economics" . complacent in their belief that there would never be a superabundance of anything, let alone everything, so they would always be needed.

As it happened, the growing of food and tending of livestock came to be performed by very large corporations, and the production of goods was found to be much more cheaply done overseas. Since not all of the peasantry was needed for keeping the peace, and wars were increasingly mechanized, there arose a huge surplusage of the peasantry.

At the same time, the peasantry obtained access to all of the libraries of the world, and were able to educate themselves on any and all subjects. They simultaneously gained the ability to communicate with their fellow peasants.

They began to examine the role of the nobility.  It seemed that the roles of the nobility had become almost completely parasitical.  They actually produced nearly nothing that anybody really needed, and were able to seize a vast amount of wealth by means of certain games they had devised.

It even seemed that a superabundance of everything had been attained, in the sense that if all the wealth of the world were reasonably distributed, no one would be in want, everyone would be comfortable, and most of the world's problems would become trivial.

And there was a great awakening in the peasantry.  

One day they all marched to the polls and swept away all the dearly-bought legislators of the nobility, replacing them with peasants of their own choosing.  The nobility, caught off-guard, was unable to buy protection.  The writing was on the wall,  "You have been weighed in the balance, and found out..."

The old Constitution was replaced by the Four Principles:

Practice the arts; study the sciences; tell stories; and care for one another.

by greatferm (greatferm-at-email.com) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 05:58:38 AM EST
Brilliant.

Except that I think the peasants will abolish the polls and the nobility and realise that they are their own protection.

"The future is already here -- it's just not very evenly distributed" William Gibson

by ChrisCook (cojockathotmaildotcom) on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 07:59:46 AM EST
[ Parent ]
It took quite awhile for that highly-coded system to develop.  In its early stages it was considerably less formal, a mere protection racket at its worst, The Seven Samurai at its best.
by rifek on Wed Jan 12th, 2011 at 08:13:04 AM EST
For one thing, the term feodalism refers most specifically to European middle ages. (Was China feudal 3rd century BC?) It is not much scrutinized how other parts of the world lived through centuries before West's colonization and/or global corruption of local elites.

I read Tom Holland's book "Millenium" with quite a fascination. Perhaps this is a pop history book, but I didn't see other source with so much non-stereotypical information about European early Middle ages.

What are the most striking points? Firstly, the Pope did not have much political (and moral) power in the first 8 centuries. But then a series of dramatized acts of mutual legitimation followed between the Pope and German-Saxon rulers. Their opportunistic needs lead to the separation of church and state agreement at Canossa in 1077. The second theme is that many stereotypical Christian and European features (angels, crucifix, chorus and what not, even muslim burqa) originated in relation to various end-of-the-world anticipations.

As Holland's most remarkable story I find the rise of castles and knights. With the fall of the Carolingian Empire, its Western part (~modern France) was weakly governed, and rude castles started to rise as fortifications of robber bands that terorised local peasantry. Things got so bad that peasants were not only robbed of their land and produce, the poor souls were forbidden to forage in forests and along rivers. Their best option was to join the masters as knights - it was better to raid your brother than to be yourself burgled. If was only after the church (primarily monasteries, most notably, the Abbey of Cluny) intervened that chivalry codes were introduced.

I find this a remarkably piece of poverty history (if it is quite true, of course). But somehow I do not find other source putting it like this. The recent situation has parallels: We had a chaotic bubble period with a quite random distribution of fortunes and duties, and now freezed obligations start to weight heavily on the unlucky. Holding a debt claim is like having a castle. The harassment looks much more civilized, but at the end the pain is similar.

by das monde on Thu Jan 13th, 2011 at 07:37:14 AM EST
[ Parent ]


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