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I did silly little over-simplified graphic representations of who gets to choose whom in the various systems:

US system with executive President:

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(British, Dutch, Scandinavian, Spanish) parliamentary democracy:

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Parliamentary democracy with Parliament-elected ceremonial President (Germany, Italy, Hungary etc.):

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Parliamentary democracy with popularly elected weak ceremonial President (Portugal, Slovakia etc.):

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Parliamentary democracy with both PM and strong (some executive powers) President (France, Poland, Russia):

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*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 05:20:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Brilliant!

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 05:26:24 PM EST
[ Parent ]
And Colman provided this BBC diagram of the Iranian system:


A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 06:13:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
you should definitely put this in a diary - maybe even as a front page story so that it can be put as a "debate" on political systems.

In the long run, we're all dead. John Maynard Keynes
by Jerome a Paris (etg@eurotrib.com) on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 06:47:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]
OK, will do so tomorrow morning, then also with some arguments for/against the various systems. (Now I should be in bed since an hour...)

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 06:51:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Wait, does "government" mean the judiciary?

If not then I'm not sure I agree with your interpretation of the American model.    

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 08:00:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]
It means the Cabinet.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 08:03:21 PM EST
[ Parent ]
That's really interesting that one would equate
"government" with "cabinet."  We generally see the government as the sum total of the executive, legislative and judiciary branches.   Now I understand your problem with presidentialism.  

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire
by p------- on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 08:31:53 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Why is that interesting? It's common [non-technical] usage. We do way "executive" on occasion, but at least in Spain it sounds pedantic. Then again, when one says "the President will ask Prodi to form a Government" or "European heads of state and government" there is no ambiguity.

Americans will usually say "administration" where Europeans say "government", I now realize. In Europe I think "administration" is synonimous with "state bureaucracy" and not restricted to the Cabinet or the heads of national government agencies.

I must not have made myself clear. I don't have a problem with American, French, or Russian presidentialism. I do have a problem with the presidentialisation [i.e., personalisation of politics on the party leaders and of admninistration on the prime minister] of our parliamentary systems.

I suggest that you google "Blair presidential style" to see what I mean. It is entirely possible that calling this "presidentialisation" is a popular misinterpretation of the American system, but that's another story.

Dodo should really turn this into a diary so we can hash it out there.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 11th, 2006 at 03:05:45 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Technically, the US Senate has to approve the nominations of US Cabinet members.  Although our pathetic Senate rarely doesn't approve someone because they hope to get free passes when their party has the Presidency.  Like many things, what the Constitution calls for and what happens in practice are not always the same.

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire
by p------- on Wed May 10th, 2006 at 09:03:03 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, Presidents facing hostile majorities in Congress sometimes can't get their nominees appointed [See Clinton and his attorney generals]. Even with a majority, an aggressive minority can use confirmation hearings to make a nominee politically untenable, though that would be rare.

In this connection, I am not entirely happy with DoDo's diagrams because generally there should be "proposes" arrows from the head of state down to the PM and from the President/PM down to the rest of the cabinet, and "approves" arrows up from the parliament to the PM and/or cabinet.

In many bicameral systems there are also members of the upper house who are not popularly elected [as was the case in the US initially]: senators "by royal designation", "nominated by the provincial/state government", "lifetime senators"...].

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 11th, 2006 at 03:14:07 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I am not entirely happy with DoDo's diagrams because generally there should be "proposes" arrows from the head of state down to the PM and from the President/PM down to the rest of the cabinet, and "approves" arrows up from the parliament to the PM and/or cabinet.

Didn't I omit that only in the case of the American system?

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Thu May 11th, 2006 at 07:09:52 AM EST
[ Parent ]
No arrows into "PM" unless you intend them to apply to the entire triangle and not just to the bottom. Also, what's the difference between "appoints" and "nominates"?

Maybe the orange arrows pointing into the middle of the brack arrows?

It just didn't seem clear to me.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu May 11th, 2006 at 07:14:50 AM EST
[ Parent ]

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