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In any case where a more awful threat can be imagined, should we claim that the lesser threat doesn't constitute real coercion?
That's just absurd. You can try to compare economic pressure vs. threats of physical attack as much as you'd like, but the threat of being attacked is not comparable to choosing between a shitty job and welfare. Should we prosecute Wal-Mart for refusing to pay a higher wage when employees have few, if any, other job choices? I don't think so. But if Wal-Mart executives hired thugs to force you to agree to take a position at the store, the executives would, without question, be prosecuted. It's not a reasonable comparison.
The situation is, in no way, like that of the hereditary landowners and peasants, either. You, unfortunately, seem to be looking at Wal-Mart as a Marxian fantasy of the poor being somehow enslaved by the wealthy because of capitalism -- as though the entire system were simply based on a game for the "elites," in which the rest of society goes nowhere. This is simply foolish.
There are rarely, if ever, "equal" choices. The choice is still a free one, and it is this sort of choice that helps to determine the wage level.
The wealthy only have the power to "set the terms" because of the surplus of labor, just as unions have, in the past, had the power to threaten companies like GM and Ford with walkouts. Is this not, also, coercion? When demand for labor contracts, as it does when the plants move out of town, the wage falls and fewer people are hired. What you're seeing is what any basic model will predict. It's not a matter of advocating social Darwinism, which I do not. (Accuse me of it all you like. I feel no obligation to defend myself against false accusations.) At the international level, the addition of over two billion people to the labor market -- and that's only in China and India -- represents a massive expansion in labor supply and a new, lower market wage in some sectors, like manufacturing. So, to answer a separate comment down the thread, it is not necessary to connect economic thought with ideology. There is some (admittedly far-from-perfect) science to the subject.
You have engaged in circumstantial ad hominem. You're essentially saying, "Drew doesn't understand what is happening to the lives of working Americans, because he's a member of the elite!" Well, I've got news for you: I'm willing to bet that you earn at least two or three times more than I have ever earned. I've worked for several years in retail, doing heavy lifting and stocking, and often for twelve and (on a few occasions) twenty-four hours at a time.
And at wages lower than those offered at Wal-Mart, with no benefits. Now I don't claim to have endured a difficult life thus far. In fact, I won't hesitate to admit that I've had it pretty easy. But don't attempt to cast aside my claims based solely on what you think my background includes, because you don't know my background.
That's how people debate when they have nothing constructive to say in response to an opponent's point: They abandon serious thought and engage in plays to emotion, hoping their opponents will be too gutless to fire back with opinions that are likely to be unpopular. Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
and these events "just happen," like the weather, without any will or planning or policy decisions made by the elite for their own benefit? the plants, like browsing brontosaurs, just happen to wander out of town on their own, without the ownership and managerial class making any decisions which benefit their own narrow interests and injure the interests of less wealthy people?
does the relative 30-year fall in the US of average income for the average working person, compared to the enormous rise in the average income for planning and ownership elites, signify absolutely no will, planning, or intention on the part of said elites to rig the economic game in their own favour?
the greatest ideological triumph of what we currently call "economics" is the pretence that a system designed by and run for the benefit of a small elite is somehow a natural formation, like a crystal or an electromagnetic field, and as morally neutral. to my ear this is as hollow and self-evidently propagandistic as the earlier rationale that the feudal order was ordained by God in heaven and reflected accurately the divine order, or that it's silly to pass laws against rape because "it's human nature, boys will be boys". things are how they are (say the winners) because that is just how things are.
a surplus of labour is created by conscious decision making, just as wars are fought by conscious decision making. those decisions are made by elites who do not fight and die in the wars, or risk any personal loss by reckless economic mismanagement. the big lie of the dogma (not, imho, the "science") of economics is to render this conscious human decision-making, the exercise of elite power and planning invisible, to pretend that these carefully engineered systems "just happen" and must be accepted as we would accept gravity or the laws of thermo. it's a brilliant ideological hat trick -- as beautiful in its way as the Divine Right of Kings and more clever, because instead of teaching us to worship the ass who sits in the throne it teaches us to ignore the man behind the curtain.
I suggest Debunking Economics by Keen, which confirms my long-held suspicion that the math behind current economic dogma is shoddy as Ptolemaic planetary mechanics. The difference between theory and practise in practise ...
The "elites" do not have the power to "rig" the economy. Who rigged the economy to the extent that you were able to buy a computer with high speed internet access? Who rigged the economy to give you the choice of a Dell, an Apple, a Compaq, a Sony, or an HP? Who rigged the economy to give you choice of Ford, GM, Honda, Toyota, or one of the other brands of cars? Who rigged the economy to give you the choice of untold numbers of brands of beer? Who rigged the economy to give you lower prices at Wal-Mart, instead of the overpriced, equally-worthless garbage at Sears? Did the "elite" at Yahoo! "rig" the economy to give you Google?
No. You have choices and lower prices because of competition and innovation among "elites" and "non-elites". You appear to be so wrapped up in 19th-Century fairy tales about the Evil Capitalist SystemTM that you've become completely ignorant of what is really going on, and incapable of thinking seriously about it, as adults are supposed to. The system works the way it works because of the need of the firm to please consumers and investors -- not out of some desire to rape the working class.
Keen claims economic theory is not verified. Really? The Volcker Contraction that began in 1979 spoke fairly clearly in favor of the Keynesian and Monetarist explanations of what would happen when the money supply fell. When WWII began, and massive public spending programs took off as the US began its war economy, what happened? The US reached full employment and, when the war ended, the US and Europe went into a period of incredibly strong growth. It worked roughly as Keynes said it would. Unfortunately, FDR was not able to spend on that level until war preparations began on a massive scale.
Worst of all, Keen judges economics against perfection, a horrible academic sin and a near-sure sign of intellectual dishonesty, and that's only in the first few pages. This is the same ridiculous style of argument engaged in by communists: "Haha, see? The market doesn't, like, work perfectly, man, so we, like, need a revolution or something." And, yet, to continue with my half-joking, hypothetical communist quote, they completely ignore life in countries where capitalism is not the economic system.
Or, as the Wizard put it, "Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain."
He comments on the Russian transition, yet he ignores the fact that there were two major sides to the debate over how the transition should take place. Some, like Joseph Stiglitz, advocated gradual change. Others, including a few of my old professors and the IMF, advocated rapid change, or "shock therapy". No one was sure of the correct answer -- hence the use of the term, theory. But, to fools like Keen, it's all about the Shock Therapists, for they must be the true representatives of economic thought. Forget about Russia's default. That had nothing to do with it, right?
And never mind the silly detail of those in favor of rapid transition being a group of people for whom the best economists have never held respect. No, no! Steve Keen, Detective Dipshit, is off to the races, seeking to set a record for the number of straw men set up in one book! Someone had better get the good folks at Guinness World Records on the phone.
Please.
Note, by the way, that every name Keen mentions, from Stiglitz to Samuelson, with some sense of respect is the name of a follower of Keynes. And, here, we see why the foundation for Keen's book is crumbling, already. He is separating them, because he wants to concentrate on Classicalists and Neoclassicalists. Implicitly, he then assures the reader that the theories of the Classicalists are the "true" economic theories, completely ignoring the fact that Keynesianism remaining the dominant school of thought. (Macroeconomics was originally named Keynesian economics, and Keynes is known in history books as the Father of Macroeconomics.) It allows him to make generalizations about the field, using theories that do not actually represent the field, in general. He can then claim that economists (say) believe all markets are perfectly competitive, because that's how the Classicalists' models are built. The problem with this approach is that modern (or "New") Keynesian models are built on the assumption of imperfect competition, and even monopoly, in some cases.
It doesn't sound like a book that is worth $27.
If you want to read serious thought on the subject, read Keynes's The Economic Consequences of the Peace and A Tract on Monetary Reform. Also, Krugman's Peddling Prosperity and The Return of Depression Economics are good choices. If you like those, read the counterpoints in Milton Friedman's Capitalism & Freedom. Stop reading books that simply pander to your settled prejudices. That's a game for cowards who are afraid of what they may find in writings that offer a different view. Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
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