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The hydrogen part is to turn every motorised vehicle, from fisherboats through buses and cars to sawmills and backup generators, into fuel cell-driven units. Having energy in plenty and a low population, this would be viable in Iceland (but not transferable to the rest of the world).
I don't know what the state of things is, though - haven't read up for a year. *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
Right now almost all renewable energy as to be used at the time that it's made, there's not an efficient way to store the energy (biomass and hydropower. And with techologies like wind and solar, you have to have a diversified sourcing of electricity and a fossil fuel backup. There's an expensive duplication of infrastructure.
Nonetheless, as I expect Jerome will point out, the bottleneck in a hydrogen economy would be the platinum used in fuel cells. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
One of the princpal limitation to mega windmills on land is that the neighbors get nervous when you say that you're planning to put a 100 meter monster in their backyard. If you take them out onto the continental shelf you can find strong reliable offshore winds, and make real monsters that are 400-500 meters tall. And I'll give my consent to any government that does not deny a man a living wage-Billy Bragg
Do you think swimming windmills will be viable some day?
If not, and only the continental shelves can be utilised, they won't add that much in the case of the USA (unlike in the case of Europe). Consider this: utilising the entire continent (not taking into account limitations in zoning laws) and shallow waters, the US total capacity with present technology was estimated at three times the current consumption a few years ago. Incidentally, another study estimating the electricity need if all US cars go fuel cell also put the need at three times the current usage (i.e. the new need would be four times of today's in total).
There is not much benefit from size: you have to place larger wind turbines further apart. As both the power of a wind turbine is proportional to the swept area (hence the square of its rotor diameter) and the required distance between rotors is proportional to the rotor diameter (hence the number of rotors on a given area is inversely proportional to the square of the rotor diameter), the two factors cancel out. What you can win with size is some economies of scale (less maintenance or installation costs), but it can break down with further increase in size. *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
This is a semi-educated guess - I know hydrodynamics but little about turbine engineering A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
That is (a) a function of turbine height, not rotor diameter, which can (and is) increased independently, (b) it is a strong factor only on land - on water, in fact, the same type of turbines stand on typically lower towers (the lower limit is not even turbulence-related: it is a height for safe passage of smaller yachts). *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
On the other hand, larger-scale turbulence and differing wind speeds might be a limit on rotor diameter indepentently of height. *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
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