Targeted measures that provide pre-labor market opportunities for European youth would appear to help on the suppy-side (and may already be doing so). Such opportunities would enable young people to time their entry into paid employment so as to escape being tarred as either relatively unproductive, or as having started working life with a long stretch of unemployment. It may perhaps be noted that the United States does this very effectively, with hight levels of university enrollment, military enlistment — and unfortunately also incarceration — all targeted to keeping youth off the streets. As a result, youth unemployment is not (except for certain relatively small populations) nearly as serious a social problem as it is in Europe.