Also, about oil use, what is the compared efficiency of "end-product" measures (tax on cars, on speed, parking, nitrogen emissions) vs tax the oil/nitrogen at the source?

For example, taxing vehicule fuel in some way taxes more those who are speeding, use inefficient cars, use more their car because of parking. Also taxing vehicule fuel is inexpensive on the administrative cost side, taxing all other ways look more expensive to me.

So are these measures it worth the cost against just raising taxes on vehicule fuel?

I don't know the answer, but I believe it's worth thinking about that.