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300kph is 186mph.

Now, there are many trains that go faster than a US Interstate speed limit that don't come close to Very High Speed rail. After all, there were trains going 100mph more than half a century ago.

Part of emotional force to the characterisation is one of those mode-wars things that have developed between Medium High Speed and Very High Speed rail, because they are typically pushed into fighting over the same pot of money, even though a rational transportation infrastructure investment policy would leave ample funds for the expansion of both.

To get an American handle on the difference between Very High Speed and Medium High Speed, consider a main North American rail backbone with a "Y" at both ends ... Southern California to join a Mexico City to Chicago backbone, and from Chicago to Ontario via Detroit and the eastern seaboard via Cleveland and Pittsburgh.

Focus on the Southern California to main trunk leg. If it is going to go through main population centers, one route may be LA / Phoenix / Albuquerque / Amarillo / Oklahoma City

LA / Phoenix is 358 miles (577km). So if you maintained an average trip speed of 160mph, that would be 2 1/4 hours. At an average trip speed of 100mph, its just over 3 1/2 hours. And that extra 50 minutes is critical for the share of the market between LA and Phoenix.

Phoenix / Albuquerque is 330 miles, so its a similar situation.

Albuquerque / Amarillo is 269 miles ... and a very small market, so if anything have a dominant share could be critical.

Amarillo / Oklahoma City is 245 miles.

And so it goes ... OK City / KS City is 299 miles. KS City / Bloomington IL is 316 miles. Bloomington / Chicago is 118, so KS City / Bloomington / Chicago is 434. At 160mph avg. trip speed, that is 2.7 hours ... at 100mph, 4.3 hours.

Basically, if the US relies on MHS rail, it is restricted to east of the Mississippi and the Pacific Coast. The distances urban centers between the Mississippi and the Left Coast are just to long for MHS technology to serve.

On the other hand, suppose that there is a VHS rail link between Cleveland and New York: Chicago / Cleveland / Pittsburgh / New York. It may well be with that as an anchor, a MHS route between Washington and Pittsburgh (189miles / 304km) becomes viable, and its much easier to bring provide the infrastructure for 100mph trains than for 180mph trains.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 04:23:44 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Thanks very much for those comments. I had never pondered the implications of VHS trains for the US, and I think you've laid them out quite cogently.

Of course, I have never heard development of a VHS train system in the US even mentioned, in any context, including the reduction of oil imports and/or lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Correct me if I'm wrong: maybe some public interest groups talk about it? But of course they would be completely out-lobbied.

I was always struck by the right of way of the Pennsylvania Rail Road, with its extensive tunnels, being given over to the Pennsylvania Turnpike. Technology and society March forward!

A bomb, H bomb, Minuteman / The names get more attractive / The decisions are made by NATO / The press call it British opinion -- The Three Johns

by Alexander on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 04:49:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Here is a collection of US true high-speed projects for you.

The first real one was the Texas Triangle: a project to use TGV technology to connect San Antonio, Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth was established nearlya two decades ago. Highways and above all airlines strongly lobbied against it. It was finally killed by, who else, Dubya.

The project coming closest to reality was a whole network for Florida. They evewn wrote out the main tender and announced a winner. That after voters even put it into the Florida constitution in a referendum. But after years of sabotage and a campaign consisting almost completely of flat-out lies, Jeb Bush put the question of finance on a referendum (simultaneously with the 2004 Presidential Elections) -- and people voted for it...

A project resurfacing again and again is LA to Las Vegas, also in maglev form. But as far as I know, it was never much more than daydreaming.

The project currently closest to reality is the California High-Speed Rail. Planning of the line is well-advanced, with extensive cost estimates and impact studies. But California had a budget crisis, and Schwarzenegger tried the same tricks as Jeb Bush in open support of the highway lobby ("we are a car state"), even though studies showed highway widening would be a more expensive yet lesser capacity option. Still, the project isn't killed yet, and there shall be a referendum on bond issuing.

Further proposals were for a Midwest network centered on Chicago, and lines in Virginia. In both cases, "medium high-speed", e.g. faster trains on upgraded lines seems to get support instead (if even that).

The most ambitious proposal resurrects the Texas Triangle: the insane project of the Trans Texas Corridors, with 16-lane highways and six railway tracks (two for each type of transport) and pipes of everything. I guess if part of it ever becomes reality, it will be the roads, and the rail part will be shelved for cost overruns.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 05:37:41 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Wouldn't the most sensible one be a high speed version of  the northeast corridor from Boston to DC, to be extended north to Portland and south through Richmond down to the NC Research Triangle and Atlanta? There is the problem of dealing with construction in a very densely populated area (much more so than France. However, it would make a lot of sense, especially with a twin set of stops, one every decent sized center - i.e. stopping in places like New Haven and Baltimore, the other just the major ones - Boston, NYC, Philly, DC, etc. Nobody would use it for the full route, but I'd imagine that with the right ticket price there would be enormous demand for shorter legs. And again, we're talking about an area with an enormous population.
by MarekNYC on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 05:47:20 PM EST
[ Parent ]
There's already a high-speed train on the Boston-DC corridor.

Although the last time I took it, a mechanical problem forced us to go very slowly from just north of Philly to DC.  It was embarrassing, getting passed by the regular trains.  :-(

by the stormy present (stormypresent aaaaaaat gmail etc) on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 06:01:28 PM EST
[ Parent ]
That's a false high-speed train -- see earlier discussion in the thread :-)

It reaches a mere 150 mph on a mere 18 miles of track.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 06:04:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
OH, never mind, that's "fake high speed." Sorry.
by the stormy present (stormypresent aaaaaaat gmail etc) on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 06:06:14 PM EST
[ Parent ]
it's  cheaper to fly from NYC to Boston and vice versa than to take the train. That coupled with Amtrak's terrible performance is why I never did it. My normal method was to drive to New Haven, CT and take the (slow) NYC commuter rail the rest of the way in.

you are the media you consume.

by MillMan (millguy at gmail) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 12:48:24 AM EST
[ Parent ]
In that corridor, if the trains were substantially faster for the full corridor, then the trains would attract a larger market share simply because of being quicker, end to end, for many travellers ... and then the increase in patronage would all for a reduction in ticket costs compared to the present, and that would attract higher volume, and that would allow ticket costs to be further reduced.

That's exactly why the 2 hour and 3 hour boundaries are so important. With a central metro point of access and a much shorter check in time because of no serious load balancing problem, you provide a quicker route to some, and that short-circuits the whole "nobody takes it because its more expensive because nobody take it" vicious circle.

New York to Boston is 300km, 187 miles. A VHS train could do the trip in under an hour and a half. You can be an hour and a half getting to La Guardia and getting through the check in and the security line, and still be waiting in line to board the flight.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 01:32:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The train is ridiculously expensive - which is why I always take the bus. As of a few years ago the Chinese started running buses from Chinatown to Chinatown for next to nothing. Considering the cost of parking in the city (curbside is hard to find and alternate side rules make it very annoying), driving to NYC sounds like an expensive choice, though if it's several people the cost calculations change a lot.
by MarekNYC on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 01:55:13 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Yep, and given that AMTRAK already achieves more than a third of the air/rail market share even on NYC-Boston, that route could resemble the main Shinkansen corridor, would it be built. In Japan, your good idea of two sets of stops is already realised, BTW -- in fact there are even three classes of trains in terms of how many stops they have. But first voters have to be convinced to pay the price tag...

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 06:03:38 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Pay the price tag? Did you forget we're talking about the US? Why couldn't the US pay for this the way it pays for its wars, by selling War Bonds to the Asians?

Anyway, the voters have already been spoken for: as Reagan said, Americans don't like trains.

A bomb, H bomb, Minuteman / The names get more attractive / The decisions are made by NATO / The press call it British opinion -- The Three Johns

by Alexander on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 07:31:20 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I was always struck by the right of way of the Pennsylvania Rail Road, with its extensive tunnels, being given over to the Pennsylvania Turnpike.

Which they are now lobbying to privatize.  

Technology and society March forward!  

Not.  

The Fates are kind.

by Gaianne on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 10:18:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The main problem with what you call MHS (and what I'd call state-of-the-art conventional fast train) is sharing tracks with 'normal' trains, which go even slower. Especially slow and long freight trains, which would have to make way mid-way along the route, yet accelerate slowly. So an upgrade-only option is really cheaper only if the capacity limit is not hit, and freight railroads won't protest. But once you build a new line, it makes little sense to not build one suited for 200 mph -- the WCML in Britain and similar projects have showed that trying to squeeze more tracks into existing infrastructure can be even more expensive. (BTW, given population numbers, Washington-Pittsburg would justify a real high-speed line.)

I suggest to you that there is a better reason to have both 'MHS' and 'VHS' than getting branchlines for trunk lines. Conventional fast trains could have more frequent stops , e.g. serve more stations, along the same corridors (even if not necessarily on the same lines), too.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Tue Jan 23rd, 2007 at 05:14:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Much corridor in the US that was originally double line is now single line with passing loops.  Adding the track in existing corridor for a high speed dedicated passenger line and low speed freight/suburban local line with common passing loops can make the crossing problem a lot more straightforward.  Especially if the passenger trains are sparkies, like the electric tilt trains they have been promoting in Queensland.

However, this is more focused on competing with the car for transport mode share rather than competing with air ... the higher speed to allow it to more effectively recruit "right angle" park and ride patronage with a lower total trip time. IOW, more for Cleveland to Columbus than Cleveland to New York.

Where, as in Sydney for example, the existing rail corridor is often completely built out, that changes the balance dramatically.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 01:44:48 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Adding the track in existing corridor for a high speed dedicated passenger line and low speed freight/suburban local line with common passing loops can make the crossing problem a lot more straightforward.

I'm not sure I understand your argument. Do you mean turning a single-track line into two parallel single-track lines, with shared passing loops? Or do you mean turning a single-track line into one double-track line, with all train types using both tracks? In either case, I note that the very use of passing loops is a limiting factor (making freight much slower), and you need the more the bigger the difference between top speeds.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 05:35:14 AM EST
[ Parent ]
How can the use of passing loops make freight trains slower? This is not Europe I am talking about, its the US ... they presently run on single track with passing loops.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.
by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 11:01:52 AM EST
[ Parent ]
One passing loop is one slow-down and stop followed by one waiting for a train to pass followed by one acceleration. Many passing loops due to the need to make way for frequent passenger trains multiplies the loss in time. (BTW, the corridors where fast train service would be likely are in large part still double-tracked in the US, including the main trans-Appalachian lines.)

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 12:24:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Not that with that system, the freight trains do not have to make way for the passenger trains, given that the main passenger line is not used by the freight trains at all, and the passenger line can effectively use nearly stretch of the freight line as a passing loop, with the single line and passing loop system ensuring that individual stretches of the freight lines are vacated for long periods of time.

As to the suggestion that the main focus of medium high speed rail should be to duplicate the route of very high speed rail, I don't get it ... you raise the problem caused if the approach is used where it would not provide an effective supplement to a VHS trunk and where it does not offer substantial real reductions in required capital works, when the simple answer would seem to be, don't use the approach in that context.

However, in the US we have to get out of the old encrusted habits of thought that see real long distance passenger rail as a matter for the two coasts with flyover country receiving slow, infrequent, heavily subsidized, and poorly performing services suffering from delays that can exceed the planned travel time due to the priority enjoyed by freight.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 12:53:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Not that with that system, the freight trains do not have to make way for the passenger trains, given that the main passenger line is not used by the freight trains at all, and the passenger line can effectively use nearly stretch of the freight line as a passing loop, with the single line and passing loop system ensuring that individual stretches of the freight lines are vacated for long periods of time.

This doesn't make any sense to me. How is two single-track lines more capacity than one double-track one?

the main focus of medium high speed rail should be to duplicate the route of very high speed rail

Not dublicate. The VHR has less frequent stops, its new line is built much straighter, and away from smaller cities where it doesn't stop. Say, you build a VHR with stops in Philadephia, Harrisburg and Pittsburg, and upgrade the old Pennsy mainline with some cutoffs and tunnels, to run MHS with further stops in Merion, Coatesville, Lancaster, Lewistown, Johnstown and Greensburg.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 06:16:50 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The constraint is not capacity, the constraint is cross mode interference. If capacity is the constraint, double track with central passing loops is the go.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.
by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Wed Jan 24th, 2007 at 08:17:57 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Now you lost me.

What is a central passing loop? Some sort of round-abouts for trains?

If the constraint is crossing tracks, would not bridges be the solution?

Sweden's finest (and perhaps only) collaborative, leftist e-newspaper Synapze.se

by A swedish kind of death on Thu Jan 25th, 2007 at 07:12:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
No, the constraint is the fact that all except a few trunk freight lines are designed for relatively infrequent and long freight trains, with a single line with "passing loops" (this may be an aussie phrase) or sidings that the train going one way sits on until the train going the other way has passed.

Since the freight has priority, once a passenger train in the US leaves the passenger only lines in the Northeast, small delays cascade into massive delays as it sits in a passing loop, waiting for train A to go past a passing loop further up the route so that train B can get off the passing loop and go by the Amtrak so that the Amtrak can move. A delay of 15 minutes can easily spill over into a delay of three to five hours in tack access delays.

Now, most of these are in rail corridors that once had two way track (because there used to be far higher frequency of passenger trains and much more local freight travelling by rail). So in these corridors, you can take advantage of the existing rail right of way to  put in a dedicated passenger service track.

If the frequency is brought up to the level where passing loops are needed at all, the passenger line can take advantage of the long stretches between freight trains by having switches that allow either the existing freight track or existing freight passing loop to be used as a passing loop for the passenger services.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Thu Jan 25th, 2007 at 10:53:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Ah, so for your MHS, you were thinking in train frequencies like Amtrak long-distance?

I think if one bothers about speed at all, then only when passengers can  rely on frequent trains. I mean, it makes little difference if a travel takes 3 or 5 hours when you would leave at 8 o'clock but the only trains are at 6 and 18 o'clock.

Regarding two single track, use the other for passing vs. one double-track operation, let me demonstrate that the difference is significant with the following virtual train scheme I generated.

This is a 50-mile line between two major cities, with 12 sections. The borders of the sections are considered both crossover points and stations for local trains. I put paths of twice-hourly passenger trains with 50 mph travel speed and once-hourly medium-high-speed trains with 133.3 mph top speed on it in both directions. (For simplicity, different gradient lines represent acceleration/braking for the fast trains, I didn't bother to resolve that for the local trains.)

The second line for each path represents a 2.5-minute buffer for lateness. Then: the orange fields show time-distance zones when trains can pass each other, while the grey zones represent a train travelling 'on the wrong track'. In the first mode of operation, all the grey squares must be kept free, and there is room left for only one long non-stop freight train with 50 mph per direction. In a double-track operation, you only have to watch out for the fast trains and their crossing of same-directional trains, room for around four freight train paths in both directions.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Sat Jan 27th, 2007 at 06:18:27 PM EST
[ Parent ]
If the VHS and MHS route share the same corridor, that has to be a new alignment ... at least in the parts of the country where VHS routes will be most lucrative.

If VHS routes in the US are laid out so that the corridor also runs through towns that are the target for MHS interurbans, that means a substantial reduction in the effective trip speed of the VHS route as it deviates further and further from the direct route between its target markets ... and also as it makes accommodation for the existing built environment.

And meanwhile in many areas of the country there are freight corridors in use that were allocated to serve dual track systems and are in use by single-track plus passing loop systems. Because of the byzantine complexity of the access rights on the corridor ... strategic parcels that were bought outright, easements, perpetual roll-over leases, etc. ... the owners of those access rights rarely narrowed the corridor when they switched to single track ... that normally does not happen unless the entire corridor has been abandoned (and sometimes not even then ... it can sometimes take a while for an abandoned route to make its way through the system and lose its corridor status).

And because of the time that they were laid out and their importance in the development of population centers, they often run exactly where we would want an interurban branch line to run. That is especially the case for Dixie and the Great Lakes States, which are politically critical to ensuring the an expanded passenger rail system is not seen as a pure subsidy to the "urban east coast".

Get an new track on that system that relies on stretches of the freight track for its passing loops, and enact priority for the passenger services, and you have a substantial savings compared to the cost of acquiring the right of way for a new alignment.

And, as in the above thread, that is not the conditions that are in place in another area, then don't do it there.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Sat Jan 27th, 2007 at 12:01:49 PM EST
[ Parent ]
If the VHS and MHS route share the same corridor

I realise I used confusing terminology. Sometimes 'corridor' is used to mean a general route along which several transport infrastructure lines can be built: e.g., say a highway and a canal and a local road, or a high-speed and a conventional rail line. (Or alternatively: different plan versions for a future line.)

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Sat Jan 27th, 2007 at 06:24:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Then use the rail terminology. If Very High Speed rail and Medium High Speed rail share the same alignment, it will be a newly established alignment with all the costs (and political controversy) of establishing a public right of way that goes along with it.

And there is still the problem, is it the optimal alignment for very high speed rail, or the optimal alignment for medium high speed rail. It can't be both at the same time, because the very high speed rail should take the most rapid route between the centers that it is connecting, and the medium high speed rail should take the route that provides the most effective transport for potential passengers at the intermediate stops in between.

And of course there are a lot of existing alignments in the US that are not fully built out that fill the bill for a medium high speed alignment ... existing rail alignments that would be suitable for very high speed rail is much less common.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Sat Jan 27th, 2007 at 08:46:05 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Then use the rail terminology.

This is also rail terminology here, wouldn't have used it otherwise. But from the rest of your reply, it appears to me that I still failed to completely convey what I meant. What I meant (and spelled out upthread, maybe not in the clearest way) was exactly this:

the very high speed rail should take the most rapid route between the centers that it is connecting, and the medium high speed rail should take the route that provides the most effective transport for potential passengers at the intermediate stops in between

I.e., I meant separate alignments between two major cities, which can get dozens of kilometres apart, one new and straight and avoiding smaller cities, the other an upgraded old line crossing smaller cities. To expend money on smaller-city-traversing high-speed alignments, or worse on parallel high- and low-speed lines, and have two types of service along the same line, makes sense only when population density is high anyway and concentrated along a narrow strip -- e.g. like Japan's West Coast, Taiwan's East Coast, but also the US Northeast Corridor (as in Marek's proposal).

And of course there are a lot of existing alignments in the US that are not fully built out that fill the bill for a medium high speed alignment

I would count only Washington-NYC(-Boston) and a few shorter stretches. I assumed upgrades to the existing lines, including cutoffs and tunnels, not simply different use.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Sun Jan 28th, 2007 at 06:19:42 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Quoth I:
And of course there are a lot of existing alignments in the US that are not fully built out that fill the bill for a medium high speed alignment

To which replied:

I would count only Washington-NYC(-Boston) and a few shorter stretches. I assumed upgrades to the existing lines, including cutoffs and tunnels, not simply different use.

I am not sure what "only count" applies to here.

Cleveland / Akron / Canton / Newark / Columbus / Dayton / Cincinatti / Louisville would be usefully served by 100mph rail. Many of those legs could run on existing alignments.

Detroit / Toledo / Cleveland / Buffalo / Rochester / Syracuse / Albany / Boston would be usefully served by 100mpg rail (ditto).

Miama / Fort Lauterdale / Orlando / Jacksonville and Atlanta / Chattanooga / Nashville / Memphis, especially with a VHS Dallas / Memphis / Atlanta / Jacksonville.

I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Sun Jan 28th, 2007 at 12:59:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Oop ... Jacksonville / Tallahassee.

You can tell I'm not a Suthuna.

I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Sun Jan 28th, 2007 at 01:12:29 PM EST
[ Parent ]

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