Regarding wasteful redundancies in organisation. The IMO most important aspect of these on railways is maintenance. All private operators need regular loco maintenance bases of their own, either that or use the services of some centralised maintenance shops run e.g. by manufacturers.

But this is very inefficient. In an integrated railway, locos can simply go to the nearest maintenance shop. In the open access system, they have to waste many train-kilometres to reach the own or the manufacturer depot. Already the separation of different operations in a to-be-privatised state railway has this effect.

_{*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.}