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Euro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
After the introduction of the euro, its exchange rate against other currencies fell heavily, especially against the U.S. dollar. From an introduction at US$1.18/, the euro fell to a low of $0.8228/ by 26 October 2000. After the appearance of the coins and notes in 1 January 2002 and the replacement of all national currencies, the euro then began steadily appreciating, and soon regained parity with the U.S. dollar, on 15 July 2002. Since December 2002, the euro has not again fallen below parity with the U.S. dollar but instead began an ascendency. On 23 May 2003, the euro surpassed its initial ($1.18) trading value for the first time. At the end of 2004, it reached $1.3668 (0.7316/$) as the U.S. dollar fell against all major currencies. Against the U.S. dollar, the euro temporarily weakened in 2005, falling to $1.18 (0.85/$) in July 2005, and was stable throughout the third quarter of 2005. In November 2005 the euro again began to rise steadily against the U.S. dollar, hitting one record high after another. On 15 July 2008, the euro rose to an all-time high of $1.5990 (0.6254/$). In a reversal, in August of 2008 the euro began to drop against the U.S. dollar. In just two weeks the euro fell from its peak to $1.48 and by late October it reached a two and a half year low below $1.25.[59] On 12 December 2008, the pound sterling fell to an all-time low of £0.89235 (1.1206/£) against the euro.[60]
the usa might be about to get re-aquainted with the joys of manual labour to a barely imaginable degree, but at least they have enough land to feed themselves.
the english are a few beers, and a few more factories closing, away from mob rule.
and what a charming mob!
anglo disease has consequences, and chickens have a way...
prediction: the next monarch will take the electric bus with the rest of the folks while going to work on the community farm.
charles has done his homework, i wish you could say that about more brits, toffs or not.
'The history of public debt is full of irony. It rarely follows our ideas of order and justice.' Thomas Piketty
good question
i can only say that if the monarchy has any sustainability going forward, it will thrive better under chucky than it will in its present constipated form. 'The history of public debt is full of irony. It rarely follows our ideas of order and justice.' Thomas Piketty
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