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However, even in Europe, the direction of socialism for step-by-step reforms through the parliamentary route, e.g. Social Democrats, historically favoured policies building up a wide middle-class. Myself, I think the self-defeating nature of this project could have been seen on the onset: the have-some will have a tendency to defend what they have, and hope they will rise further, thus a significant part will end up supporting the have-mores against the have-nones. Worse, when the party leaders themselves rise up the social ladder, there will be a tendency to view issues and weigh their importance from their current (or hoped-for even higher) position. (And to those who'd protest: a tendency of course doesn't mean that everyone is incapable of social solidarity, only that that realising [apparent] class interests is the easy route.) Thus to a large extent I view the current doldrums of the European centre-left and the plague of Third Wayism as a logical consequence of core Social Democrat strategy from at least 60, but perhaps 120 years ago. Yet, discussing the present-day middle-class is worthwile even from a Socialist perspective. I will state an idea others indicated in a stronger way: with the collapse of the Eastern Block, the wide middle-class has "done its duty" for the upper-class, maintaining it is no longer felt as necessary: thus the wealth capture from above, thus the stagnating or reduced middle-class incomes, thus the erosion of the middle class and the growth of the new underclass: the service class.
Yet, discussing the present-day middle-class is worthwile even from a Socialist perspective. I will state an idea others indicated in a stronger way: with the collapse of the Eastern Block, the wide middle-class has "done its duty" for the upper-class, maintaining it is no longer felt as necessary: thus the wealth capture from above, thus the stagnating or reduced middle-class incomes, thus the erosion of the middle class and the growth of the new underclass: the service class.
I think it is appropriate for middle-class "liberal professionals" to be "left" but they probably shouldn't lead the left. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
Yes, that's one sub-trend. But two main players represent other sub-trends: Schröder is a self-made-man who rose from the lower classes himself, while Wolfgang Clement whom we scorned so much came from a non-political middle-class background (he joined the SPD, just looked it up, at 30). I.e., one lost sight of his effect and is proud of his personal upward mobility achievement, the other was a socially conscious privileged person who 'grew out of it'. *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
Hjalmar Branting Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1907-1925 Prime minister: 1920, 1921-23, 1924-25 Class background: "High Bourgeoisie" ~ lower upper (father was a principal, mother was noble) Notes: Same primary school as the king, spent his inheritance (a small fortune).
Per Albin Hansson Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1925-1946 Prime minister: 1932-1936, 1936-1946 Class background: Working class (father was a brick layer, mother was a domestic aid) Notes: Fabled for keeping his working class morals, according to one tale his wife returned govermental pencils after he died (he died while serving as prime minister).
Tage Erlander Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1946-1969 Prime minister: 1946-1969 Class background: Middle (father was a teacher, mother probably homemaker)
Olof Palme Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1969-1986 Prime minister: 1969-1976, 1982-1986 Class background: Upper (father was president of insurance company, mother noble) Notes: Hated among much of the swedish upper class as a class traitor. Only swedish prime minister to have been murdered.
Ingvar Carlsson Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1986-1996 Prime minister: 1986-1991, 1994-1996 Class background: Working class (single mother, textile worker)
Göran Persson Leader for the Soc.Dems: 1996-2007 Prime minister: 1996-2006 Class background: Working class (father, construction worker) Notes: Has made a much noted class journey and built his own mansion. Now well-paid consultant for private enterprise.
Mona Sahlin Leader for the Soc.Dems: 2007- Prime minister: Not yet Class background: Middle class
Of course, this is looking only at the person at the top, a thorough study would include at least the executive council of the soc. dem. party, but this comment has taken enough time as it is. Sweden's finest (and perhaps only) collaborative, leftist e-newspaper Synapze.se
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