Testicular torsion

Twisting of the testis on its cord causes intense ischaemic pain localized in the testis. Usually there is localized tenderness and vomiting (which may be the sole presenting feature) but no significant swelling. These patients require urgent surgery to salvage the testis and must be transferred immediately to hospital.

Greaves et al. (eds), Emergency care: a textbook for paramedics (1997)

Among Rudolf Virchow's many research interests was his fascination with the ways in which disease affects arteries, veins, and their contained blood constituents. He elucidated the principles of embolism, thrombosis, and leukemia and invented the words to describe them. Seeking a term to designate the mechanism by which cells and tissues are deprived of their blood supply, Virchow seized (this word is chosen advisedly) upon the Greek ischano -- 'I hold in check' or 'I quench' -- derived from the Indo-European root segh, which refers to 'seizing' or 'holding' or 'causing to pause'. By combining it with aima, or 'blood', the Greeks had created the word ischaimos, to signify a holding in check of the flow of blood. Ischemia was chosen by Virchow to designate the consequences of diminishing or totally stopping blood flow to some structure of the body, whether a small as a cell or as large as a leg or a section of heart muscle.

S. B. Nuland, How we die (1994)