In particular, it is a common failing of mainstream economics to assume an economy that naturally tends to full employment, so that policies that boost employment are a cost, when in the real world they are a benefit.

The heterodox economists are more likely to consider the other 99% of the population, the ecosystem and the possible advantages of investments with goals other than 18% ROI for the investors--such as sustainability and total productivity of the entire society. From the perspective of the 1%, every dime spent stimulating employment is a dime taken out of their pockets. From a social perspective every involuntarily unemployed person is a chunk of lost production. Keynes understood this.

"It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."