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Labour market participation by sex and age - Statistics explained
students having or seeking a job (as they are then classified as employed or unemployed instead of inactive persons, even if the job is a minor one).
You can ask them, but surveys have other issues (with people who have stopped looking because they realise that it's futile, for instance).
- Jake Friends come and go. Enemies accumulate.
What bothers me in this is that, quite rightly, we wish to point out that young people are angry about their lack of prospects (whether they are currently formally unemployed or not). But the neolib narrative is only too happy to up the ante on that by talking about a third or half of under-25s looking for work. Why?
Because they have labour market reforms to sell us.
The whole (seemingly endless) media saga on youth unemployment, in which the official unemployment rate is never correctly construed, is about that: what you need is labour market "reforms".
Unemployment is low? The inflation monster is just around the corner, so we need to remove rigidities.
Unemployment is high? Removing labour market rigidities will make employers more likely to hire.
Youth without future
No house
No Job
No pension
No fear Economics is politics by other means
how do you know whether a student is seeking a job if there is no job to be found?
When he/she is registered at the public employment service. If he/she is not, then he/she is counted as inactive. "L'homme fut sûrement le voeu le plus fou des ténèbres " René Char
The only useful service they provide for a student wanting a part-time job is the employment database, which is online and does not require any registration.
As an anecdote, a friend of mine who had not grasped the system tried to register at the unemployment office despite studying and described a dialogue that went:
Employed students are counted as employed, and therefore part of the workforce.
Unemployed students are counted as students, and thus not in the workforce.
Underemployed students are counted as employed (and thus in the work force) for the fraction of their time they are employed and students (and therefore not in the workforce) for the fraction of their time they are not employed.
The net result is to synthetically lower the reported unemployment rate for 16-25 yr-olds, in the same way various retirement programmes synthetically lower the rate for 50+ yr-olds (you are less likely to go into retirement if you have job prospects, so some early retirees would have not retired if there had been jobs available).
There, Danish under-25 inactivity is cited at less than 30%, which means, not only that a lot of students also have jobs, but that the fact is carefully recorded.
France, otoh, shows the reverse (not in the chart, but the numbers are well-known): around 70% under-25 inactivity - as if no students had a job, which is simply not the case. INSEE says that their Labour Force Survey counts students with jobs in the workforce. Something is going wrong in the recording process?
The ability to tie all public in- and out-flows of funds (and births, and deaths, and hospitalisations, and crime, and changes of residence) to a particular personal or commercial identification code makes the Danish statistical service scarily accurate.
INSEE says that their Labour Force Survey counts students with jobs in the workforce. Something is going wrong in the recording process?
If they count the same way the Danish statistical service does, a student who works 5 hours a week is recorded as 14 % active. So if all students worked 5 hours a week and 15-20 % of the age group were not students or otherwise outside the labour force, you'd get around 30 % labour force participation rate.
Re Denmark, wow, I didn't realize it was that efficient.
Also the extent to which current policy is one of preventing full employment. Economics is politics by other means
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