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Whereas with the evidence available, what we can actually conclude is "poorly-designed carbon markets don't work".
The EU version is broken, and appears destined for the scrap heap. Nevertheless, a few years ago it had an active, positive role in restructuring Europe's energy markets. It not only gave a competitive advantage towards renewable electricity (difficult to quantify) but demonstrably, propelled a shift away from coal and towards gas, which has since reversed with the collapse of the carbon price. This (which I will dig up numbers for some other time if I really have to) is enough to falsify Böhm's assertion :
Why are carbon markets failing? | Guardian Sustainable Business | Guardian Professional
to date there have been few, if any, measurable reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that can be attributed to these measures.
In practice, the fixing of the system is being blocked by the most energy-hungry members, led by Poland. This is understandable. If EU carbon reduction policy had been based on a carbon tax, for example, instead of quotas (which would have been preferable, to my mind), this opposition would still exist, and would probably have led to a lowering or abolition of the carbon tax.
The simple fact is that the environment comes last. Costly measures are seen as luxuries when other economic problems seem more pressing. Had the EU carbon market never existed, Böhm might well now be writing about the failure of carbon taxes. It is rightly acknowledged that people of faith have no monopoly of virtue - Queen Elizabeth II
That would solve a specific cause of a drop in carbon prices only. But an economic re-structuring (for example an accelerated exodus of heavy industry to the developing world), a change in conventional energy technology (for example a boost to fracking), or the temporary greater-than-planned success of the very energy sources you want to promote can have the same result. One might attempt to design a very complex carbon market that takes all of these and other eventualities into account, but the basic fact remains that you have a clear goal (reduction in emissions) but approach it in a very indirect and roundabout way, and got yourself the natural INstability of markets.
Had the EU carbon market never existed, Böhm might well now be writing about the failure of carbon taxes.
In my mind, carbon markets are the failure of carbon taxes: they are in effect nothing more than a fig leaf for the failure to agree on carbon taxes, a welcome excuse for a proper emissions reduction policy for a few years at least. *Lunatic*, n. One whose delusions are out of fashion.
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