In Spain, austerity and recession depressed passenger numbers overall, both over short and long distances. However, thanks to the opening of new high-speed lines and a new fare policy (and in spite the Santiago disaster), long-distance rail bucked that trend, and for the first time in possibly decades, it beat planes in recent months. This breaks down to strong rail domination over relations served via high-speed lines (for example 60% on the Madrid–Barcelona route) and air domination elsewhere.

Diagram from El País (hat tip to Migeru via email)

_{*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.}