[T]the report (FR) "Gentrification and growing poverty in the heart of Île-de-France" published Monday by the Planning and Urbanism Institute (IAU) shows that inequality has grown considerably since the early 2000s.
[...]
"What we've seen since 2010 in particular is a further concentration of wealth in the wealthy areas, while poverty has become more entrenched in the poorest areas," said [author Mariette Sagot] Sagot. The wealthy are particularly likely to live among themselves. Half of the wealthiest households (the top 10 percent) live in just 26 of Île-de-France's 1276 communes.

Meanwhile the overall poverty rate in Île-de-France hit 15.9 percent in 2015, up from 12.3 percent nine years earlier. The poorest areas are seeing "a concentration of under-qualified workers, often immigrants, with higher rates of unemployment or of precarious employment, and a growing number of single-parent households that have contributed to stigmatisation and deteriorating economic conditions," emphasised the report.
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Housing as a [stigma]

As housing prices tripled between 1999 and 2018, housing has become a greater indicator of economic status, with home owners growing richer and public housing residents growing poorer compared to the average household. Mobility in the housing market is also down. High housing prices and low economic mobility mean that populations in rich and poor areas are crystalising as people stay in their homes for longer.

archived European migrant crisis
Wilding
How will EU member-states prevent or avoid replicating the caste/class system of integration, typified by US custody of American black d.o.s.?

Diversity is the key to economic and political evolution.