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Infected, Vaccinated, or Both: How Protected Am I From COVID? Are Antibodies Different After Infection Compared to Vaccination? Yes. And researchers don't yet understand what these differences mean. It seems to come down to a question of quality versus quantity. Vaccines seem to produce higher peak antibody levels than natural infections do. But these antibodies are highly specialized, able to recognize only the parts of the virus they were designed to target. "The mRNA vaccine directs all the immune responses to the single spike protein," says Alice Cho, PhD, who is studying the differences in vaccine and infection-created immunity at The Rockefeller University in New York. "There's a lot more to respond to with a virus than there is in a vaccine." During an infection, the immune system learns to recognize and grab onto many parts of the virus, not just its spike. The job of remembering the various pieces and parts of a foreign invader, so that it can be quickly recognized and disarmed should it ever return, falls to immune cells called memory B cells. Memory B cells, in turn, make plasma cells that then crank out antibodies that are custom tailored to attach to their targets.
Are Antibodies Different After Infection Compared to Vaccination?
Yes. And researchers don't yet understand what these differences mean.
It seems to come down to a question of quality versus quantity. Vaccines seem to produce higher peak antibody levels than natural infections do. But these antibodies are highly specialized, able to recognize only the parts of the virus they were designed to target.
"The mRNA vaccine directs all the immune responses to the single spike protein," says Alice Cho, PhD, who is studying the differences in vaccine and infection-created immunity at The Rockefeller University in New York. "There's a lot more to respond to with a virus than there is in a vaccine."
During an infection, the immune system learns to recognize and grab onto many parts of the virus, not just its spike.
The job of remembering the various pieces and parts of a foreign invader, so that it can be quickly recognized and disarmed should it ever return, falls to immune cells called memory B cells.
Memory B cells, in turn, make plasma cells that then crank out antibodies that are custom tailored to attach to their targets.
33% to "more than half" of Covid patients - research is on-going - are Long Covid cases, those that the patient is still suffering the effects of the disease as much as 6 months after being "cured" (sic.) Lingering, potentially life-long, after affects of Covid-19 include heart, lung, liver, brain, and kidney damage.
Not getting vaccinated is stupid She believed in nothing; only her skepticism kept her from being an atheist. -- Jean-Paul Sartre
We screened 3360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and one hundred and two were in animal models. None examined ACE2 in human lungs. [...] Previous studies suggest that dysregulation of ACE2 activity in the lungs could promote early neutrophil infiltration and subsequent uncontrolled activation of the RAS.8 In mice models, acute lung injury was observed in response to SARS-CoV-1 spike protein, so it is plausible that similar responses will be observed with SARS-CoV-2.9 This is particularly problematic in organs containing high ACE2 such as the lungs as it may contribute to cytokine release syndrome (cytokine storm) and the subsequent respiratory failure that has been observed in those who have died from the disease.7 Many prescribed drugs in common use are known to mediate effects through the RAS pathway. Over 45 million of these prescriptions were issued in the UK last year alone, and of these, 15 million were for ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Acting through the RAS pathway, these drugs may impact ACE2 regulation but their role in the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. Given the number of people that are potentially on these drugs, it has caused substantial public concern and clinical uncertainty about continuation or cessation of prescribed medications during the pandemic.
If this hypothesis were to be confirmed, it could lead to a conflict regarding treatment because ACE2 reduces inflammation and has been suggested as a potential new therapy for inflammatory lung diseases, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension [...] We suggest that patients with cardiac diseases, hypertension, or diabetes, who are treated with ACE2-increasing drugs, are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection and, therefore, should be monitored for ACE2-modulating medications, such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs
archived sick care jobs saved or created!, commonly prescribed immune-suppressing mRNA medications not limited to ACE-inhibitors or ARBs
Mayo, common Angiotnsin 2 receptor blockers (ABRs) a/k/a angiotensin II inhibitors
Age is not "the marker" of adverse outcome of COVID-19 disease.
ACE I and ACE2 represent elemental catalysts in every human cell regardless of age.
Comorbidity d/b/a degenerative diseases, or "pre-existing conditions", is the marker-concerning secondary conditions derived from a smorgasbord of mRNA drugs d/b/a "disease modifying" therapies, or "biologics," prescribed sales staff to disrupt immune system processes and hormonal regulation associated with this one enzyme modified by SARS RNA transcription within cells.
Academic controversy (notably unsupported by trial results involving human subjects captured by commonly prescribed ACE-modifying reactions) have acknowledged, pharmacology can neither control nor predict how those (ACE-receptor) drugs intercept, counter-indicate, or interdict dominant SARS-CoV-2 "vaccines" designed to bind this one, specific receptor region...
without regard to cascading adverse reactions (documented pathology) resulting in hospitalization, morbidity, and predictable death.
AFICT, the controversial T- and B-cell leucocyte "memory" power, arising from FAILED HIV/AID cocktail marketing confirms one fact: mRNA designers have no idea what they're dealing with. They can't even express rational hypotheses pursuant to predictable viral "neutralization" by "cocktail" prescription.
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