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The Commission has finally released its long-awaited European Media Freedom Act, but it has stirred controversy in a number of directions. Renate Schroeder, Director of the European Federation of Journalists, and Ilias Konteas, Executive Director of EMMA-ENPA, join this week's podcast to discuss its contents and implications.
... The unprecedented move has press publishers -- which had already tried to kill the law during consultations -- up in arms. "Media regulators can now interfere with the free press, while publishers are estranged from their own publications," said Ilias Konteas, executive director of the European Magazine Media Association (of which POLITICO's owner Axel Springer is a member) and the European Newspaper Publishers Association....
"Media regulators can now interfere with the free press, while publishers are estranged from their own publications," said Ilias Konteas, executive director of the European Magazine Media Association (of which POLITICO's owner Axel Springer is a member) and the European Newspaper Publishers Association....
The European Commission has published a draft European Media Freedom Act (EMFA). If passed, this new law would represent a major shift in EU policy on the media, and a welcome shot in the arm for democracy across the Union. Freed of the Eurosceptic United Kingdom, during a perceived crisis of European democracy, there is widespread support for proposals to support media freedom, and the news media themselves are likely to give them full-throated support.
reference EC | 1. Proposal for a Regulation establishing a common framework for media services in the internal market ( European Media Freedom Act)(.pdf), 67 pp EC | 2. Recommendation - European Media Freedom Act (.pdf), 13 pp
de business ideer
The proposal is articulated around four specific [sic] objectives: • Fostering cross-border activity and investment in media services by harmonising certain elements of the diverging national media pluralism frameworks, in particular to facilitate cross-border service provision. Through coordination at EU level, the proposal aims to ensure that when assessing media market concentrations independent national authorities approach media pluralism and media independence in a consistent manner. • Increasing regulatory cooperation and convergence through cross-border coordination tools and EU-level opinions and guidelines. This will promote consistent approaches to media pluralism and media independence, and provide effective protection for users of media services from illegal and harmful content, including online and with regard to service providers (including from third countries) [!] not following EU media standards. • Facilitating provision of quality media services by mitigating the risk of undue public and private interference in editorial freedom. The proposal aims to guarantee that journalists and editors can work without interference, including when it comes to protecting their sources and communications. By fostering editorial independence, it also guarantees better protection for the interests of recipients of media services. • Ensuring transparent and fair allocation of economic resources in the internal media market by enhancing transparency and fairness in audience measurement and allocation of state advertising. The proposal aims to ensure transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality, objectivity[,] and inclusiveness of audience measurement methodologies, in particular online. It will also ensure transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality[,] and objectivity in allocation of state advertising to media outlets, in order to minimise the risks of the misuse of public funding for partisan interests, to the detriment of other market players. It will thus promote fair competition in the internal media market.
• Fostering cross-border activity and investment in media services by harmonising certain elements of the diverging national media pluralism frameworks, in particular to facilitate cross-border service provision. Through coordination at EU level, the proposal aims to ensure that when assessing media market concentrations independent national authorities approach media pluralism and media independence in a consistent manner.
• Increasing regulatory cooperation and convergence through cross-border coordination tools and EU-level opinions and guidelines. This will promote consistent approaches to media pluralism and media independence, and provide effective protection for users of media services from illegal and harmful content, including online and with regard to service providers (including from third countries) [!] not following EU media standards.
• Facilitating provision of quality media services by mitigating the risk of undue public and private interference in editorial freedom. The proposal aims to guarantee that journalists and editors can work without interference, including when it comes to protecting their sources and communications. By fostering editorial independence, it also guarantees better protection for the interests of recipients of media services.
• Ensuring transparent and fair allocation of economic resources in the internal media market by enhancing transparency and fairness in audience measurement and allocation of state advertising. The proposal aims to ensure transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality, objectivity[,] and inclusiveness of audience measurement methodologies, in particular online. It will also ensure transparency, non-discrimination, proportionality[,] and objectivity in allocation of state advertising to media outlets, in order to minimise the risks of the misuse of public funding for partisan interests, to the detriment of other market players. It will thus promote fair competition in the internal media market.
2. LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY[,] AND PROPORTIONALITY The legal basis for this proposal is Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which provides for the adoption of measures for the approximation of the provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States which have as their object the establishment and functioning of the internal market. ...
The legal basis for this proposal is Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which provides for the adoption of measures for the approximation of the provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States which have as their object the establishment and functioning of the internal market. ...
3. RESULTS OF EX POST EVALUATIONS, STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS[,] AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS The proposal is based on extensive consultation with stakeholders, in the light of the general principles and standards for consultation of interested parties by the Commission. A call for evidence announcing the initiative was published on 21 December 2021 and was open for feedback until 25 March 2022. A total of 1 473 responses were received 41. A public consultation was open from 10 January to 25 March 2022 and attracted 917 responses 42. ...
The proposal is based on extensive consultation with stakeholders, in the light of the general principles and standards for consultation of interested parties by the Commission.
A call for evidence announcing the initiative was published on 21 December 2021 and was open for feedback until 25 March 2022. A total of 1 473 responses were received 41. A public consultation was open from 10 January to 25 March 2022 and attracted 917 responses 42. ...
...Zu dem Zeitpunkt waren demnach nur 26 Prozent der Befragten im Osten mit der Arbeit der Bundesregierung zufrieden, im Vergleich zu 42 Prozent im Jahr 2020. Antwortmöglichkeiten waren Abstufungen von sehr, ziemlich oder etwas zufrieden bis zu etwas, ziemlich oder sehr unzufrieden. [...] Nur noch 43 Prozent der Ost- und 58 Prozent der Westdeutschen seien der Auffassung, ,,dass man seine Meinung immer frei äußern kann, ohne Ärger zu bekommen", im Vergleich zu 50 beziehungsweise 63 Prozent vor zwei Jahren. Wirtschaftlich schließt der Osten nur sehr langsam zum Westen auf, wie es weiter hieß....
BEREC stressed that the internet [sic] has a proven ability to self-adapt [sic] to changing conditions, including increasing traffic volume and changing demand patterns [differential pricing?]. In other words...In 2012, the telecom providers called for a similar sending-party-pays principle.
Another important argument of the telecom companies is that, while the tech platforms ["media operators"] are generating and monetising most of the network traffic rents, they [telecom companies] are left with bearing infrastructure costs [capEx] of up to 36-40 billion per year.
BEREC noticed that this point needs to be thoroughly analysed since network infrastructure costs are not very traffic-sensitive [contradiction ALERT!] and their capacity needs to be enhanced ["bandwidth throttling and capping"?] only when higher peak capacity is required. However, the picture changes with mobile networks [spectrum bandwidth] that have a higher degree of traffic sensitivity.
The regulators' view is that the internet operators ["media operators"] and content providers ["media operators"] are mutually dependent [wut], as the demand for [price of] content [data transmission] drives the demand for [price of] broadband access [carrier subscription] and, vice versa, internet availability [sic] leads to higher demand for [price of] internet telecom carrier network services.
euractiv | Public service media looks for innovative solutions to old problems
Despite the recently-published European Media Freedom Act's focus [nope] on protecting [nope] public service media [operators], innovation [sic] at the newsroom level is needed to ensure that such outlets [media operators] can continue to function [?]. The EU's Media Freedom Act, published last month with the aim of boosting transparency and independence in the media, includes a number of safeguards aimed specifically at public service media: outlets [media operators] that are funded [in part or wholly] by [a government] and produce content [programmes] for the public.
The EU's Media Freedom Act, published last month with the aim of boosting transparency and independence in the media, includes a number of safeguards aimed specifically at public service media: outlets [media operators] that are funded [in part or wholly] by [a government] and produce content [programmes] for the public.
In order to further safeguard outlets, the regulation also obliges national governments to ensure that these organisations receive sufficient funding [?!] to protect their editorial independence [?!]. The specific [nope] focus on public service media follows concerns raised in the Commission's 2022 Rule of Law report, which for the first time, looked specifically at the challenges facing these types of outlets [media operators] and the steps countries [?!] could take to defend against the political pressure they might face. ....
The specific [nope] focus on public service media follows concerns raised in the Commission's 2022 Rule of Law report, which for the first time, looked specifically at the challenges facing these types of outlets [media operators] and the steps countries [?!] could take to defend against the political pressure they might face. ....
There is continuous "bulk surveillance" and a "court' that is not an actual court. [...] Max Schrems, chair of noyb.eu: "The EU and the US now agree on the use of the word 'proportionate' but seem to disagree on the meaning of it. In the end, the CJEU's definition will prevail— likely killing any EU decision again. The European Commission is turning a blind eye on US law again and allowing the continued surveillance of Europeans." ...
Musk's tweet came in response to a CNN report that SpaceX had warned in a letter, dated September 8 and sent to the U.S. Department of Defense, that it can no longer afford to provide its Starlink terminals [recievers], which are crucial for Ukraine's military telecommunication. [...] The Starlink satellite [tele]communication system has been crucial not only for Ukraine's military communication, but also for the government to maintain contact with commanders, for Zelenskyy to conduct interviews with journalists, and for civilian communications, connecting with loved ones via the encrypted satellites signal frequency. [...] Ukraine has received around 20,000 Starlink satellite units receivers. Musk said last week that the "operation has cost SpaceX $80 million and will exceed $100 million by the end of the year." Musk was initially lauded for providing the Starlink terminals receivers to Ukraine, but according to the SpaceX letter, the vast majority were partially or fully funded by other parties, including the U.S. government, the U.K. and Poland. Poland is the largest single contributor and has paid for almost 9,000 terminals receivers, which cost $1,500 and $2,500 for the two models sent to Ukraine, according to the documents. Those governments also paid for a third of the internet connectivity data transmission while SpaceX funded the rest, making up the more expensive part of the bill, according to SpaceX. Among the documents seen by CNN is also a request from Ukrainian General Valeriy Zaluzhnyi to SpaceX for almost 8,000 more Starlink terminals receivers. SpaceX reportedly responded by recommending the request be sent to the U.S. Department of Defense....
Musk was initially lauded for providing the Starlink terminals receivers to Ukraine, but according to the SpaceX letter, the vast majority were partially or fully funded by other parties, including the U.S. government, the U.K. and Poland. Poland is the largest single contributor and has paid for almost 9,000 terminals receivers, which cost $1,500 and $2,500 for the two models sent to Ukraine, according to the documents.
Those governments also paid for a third of the internet connectivity data transmission while SpaceX funded the rest, making up the more expensive part of the bill, according to SpaceX.
Among the documents seen by CNN is also a request from Ukrainian General Valeriy Zaluzhnyi to SpaceX for almost 8,000 more Starlink terminals receivers. SpaceX reportedly responded by recommending the request be sent to the U.S. Department of Defense....
[...] For the past two years, his team at UT Austin's Radionavigation Lab has been reverse-engineering signals sent from thousands of Starlink internet satellites in low Earth orbit to ground-based receivers. Now Humphreys says his team has cracked the problem, and he believes that regular beacon binary data signals signals from the constellation, designed to help receivers connect with the satellites, could form the basis of a useful navigation system. Crucially, this could be done without any help from SpaceX at all. [...] Humphreys quickly realized that Starlink relies on a technology called orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM is an efficient method of encoding digital data transmissions, originally developed at Bell Labs in the 1960s and now used in Wi-Fi[,] and 5G. "OFDM is all the rage," says Mark Psiaki, a GPS expert and aerospace professor at Virginia Tech. "It's a way to pack the most bits per second into a given bandwidth." The UT Austin researchers did not try to break Starlink's encryption or access any user data coming down from satellites. Instead, they sought out synchronization sequences--predictable, repeating signals beamed down by the satellites in orbit to help receivers coordinate with them. Not only did Humphreys find such sequences, but "we were pleasantly surprised to find that they [had] more synchronization sequences than is strictly required," he says. [...]
The UT Austin researchers did not try to break Starlink's encryption or access any user data coming down from satellites. Instead, they sought out synchronization sequences--predictable, repeating signals beamed down by the satellites in orbit to help receivers coordinate with them. Not only did Humphreys find such sequences, but "we were pleasantly surprised to find that they [had] more synchronization sequences than is strictly required," he says. [...]
What is morse code? -- --- •-• ••• • -•-• --- -•• • What is binary code? 0100 0011 0100 0001 0101 0100
What is a modem "The earliest devices that satisfy the definition of a modem may be the multiplexers used by news wire services in the 1920 1840s." What is a telephone? "the equipment necessary to convert sound to electrical signals and back"
Dretske, F., Knowledge and the Flow of Information
ƒ'(x) = message/v
10 days ago Mural at Grant Middle School causes concern among parents, 14 Oct 4 days ago A high school student's mural angers parents over what they say are hidden messages, 20 Oct 1 day ago MICHIGAN LGBTQ+ affirming school mural sets parents off: "It's Satanic"
Negotiations between SpaceX and the Defense Department continue despite Musk's claim that SpaceX withdrepw * its request, according to a senior defense official. "Negotiations are very much underway. Everyone in our building knows we're going to pay them," the senior Pentagon official told CNN, adding that the department is eager to have commitments in writing "because we worry he'll change his mind."
"Negotiations are very much underway. Everyone in our building knows we're going to pay them," the senior Pentagon official told CNN, adding that the department is eager to have commitments in writing "because we worry he'll change his mind."
* not my typo, unexpectedly
A Proton rocket topped with the Angosat-2 spacecraft lifted off from the Russian-run Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan Wednesday at 11 a.m. EDT (1500 GMT; 6 p.m. Moscow time). Angosat-2 is bound for geostationary orbit, about 22,250 miles (35,800 kilometers) above Earth, where it will provide communications services for the Angolan government for at least 15 years, if all goes according to plan. [...] Angosat-2 was built by the Russian satellite-manufacturing company ISS Reshetnev, with Airbus providing the communications payload, according to RussianSpaceWeb.com(opens in new tab). The satellite is a replacement for Angosat-1, which failed shortly after launching to Earth orbit in 2017. Angosat-2 has faced problems of its own. For example, its liftoff was delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and economic sanctions imposed on Russia [by anonymous Forces®], which held up the development and delivery, respectively, of key satellite components, RussianSpaceWeb reported. And then came the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on Feb. 24. In the wake of the invasion, which is ongoing, "Airbus stopped the delivery of 57 waveguides and related documentation for the deployable antennas operating in Ku- and C-band," RussianSpaceWeb.com's Anatoly Zak wrote. ...
Angosat-2 is bound for geostationary orbit, about 22,250 miles (35,800 kilometers) above Earth, where it will provide communications services for the Angolan government for at least 15 years, if all goes according to plan. [...] Angosat-2 was built by the Russian satellite-manufacturing company ISS Reshetnev, with Airbus providing the communications payload, according to RussianSpaceWeb.com(opens in new tab). The satellite is a replacement for Angosat-1, which failed shortly after launching to Earth orbit in 2017.
Angosat-2 has faced problems of its own. For example, its liftoff was delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and economic sanctions imposed on Russia [by anonymous Forces®], which held up the development and delivery, respectively, of key satellite components, RussianSpaceWeb reported. And then came the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on Feb. 24.
In the wake of the invasion, which is ongoing, "Airbus stopped the delivery of 57 waveguides and related documentation for the deployable antennas operating in Ku- and C-band," RussianSpaceWeb.com's Anatoly Zak wrote. ...
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