Catalogue of works slated for the Natural History Exhibit:

Democracy:  literally, rule by the people (from the Greek demos, "people," and kratos, "rule"). The methods by which this rule is exercised, and indeed the composition of "the people" are central to various definitions of democracy, but useful contrasts can be made with oligarchies and autocracies, where political authority is highly concentrated and not subject to meaningful control by the people.

Used in a sentence:


"Iraq's young democracy still faces determined enemies," Bush said. "Defeating these enemies will require sacrifice and continued patience -- the kind of patience the good people of Hungary displayed after 1956."

Capitalism: economic system based on the production of commodities for sale, exchange, and profit; and private ownership of the means of production.  Contemporary capitalism is often described as the free market economy or free enterprise economy, with reference to the distribution of income largely through the operation of markets.

Used in a sentence:


"The Kremlin hopes the increasingly aggressive consolidation of the industry at home will make the export trade a cornerstone of its system of state capitalism before the post-Soviet decline that has plagued production becomes irreversible."

Free Market: a market where price is determined by the unregulated interchange of supply and demand. ... According to a more philosophical definition, a free market is a market where trades are morally voluntary and therefore free from the interference of force and fraud. ... Hence, with government force limited to a defensive role, government itself does not initiate force in the marketplace and the free market is preserved.

Used in a sentence:


"Free-market drives cheat's 'coursework-to-order' cost as low as £2.70"

Socialism: a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. As an economic system, socialism is usually associated with state or collective ownership of the means of production. This control, according to socialists, may be either direct, exercised through popular collectives such as workers' councils, or it may be indirect, exercised on behalf of the people by the state.

Used in a sentence:


"Former congressman and star quarterback Jack Kemp once said that "...a distinction should be made that football is democratic, capitalist, whereas soccer is a European socialist sport,"

Communism: a political ideology that seeks to establish a future classless, stateless social organization based upon common ownership of the means of production. It can be classified as a branch of the broader socialist movement. Communism also refers to a variety of political movements which claim the establishment of such a social organization as their ultimate goal.

Early forms of human social organization have been described as "primitive communism." However, communism as a political goal generally is a conjectured form of future social organization which has never been implemented.

Used in a sentence:


"And, of course, as Hannah Arendt taught us long ago, if something is the same as fascism (as many things are these days) then it's also the same as Communism."

Authoritarian: a form of government characterized by strict obedience to the authority of the state, which often maintains and enforces social control through the use of oppressive measures.

In an authoritarian state, citizens are subject to state authority in many aspects of their lives, including many that other political philosophies would see as matters of personal choice. There are various degrees of authoritarianism; even very democratic and liberal states will show authoritarianism to some extent, for example in areas of national security.

Used in a sentence:


"It breaks my heart to say it because they are the party I was brought up on, but Labour have become the most totalitarian, authoritarian government in history,"

Dictatorship: absolute rule by a leadership (usually one dictator) unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors within the state.

Used in a sentence:


"US former Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Roger Noriega declared Thursday in Santo Domingo that Venezuela is heading for dictatorship... According to Noriega, President Hugo Chávez has ... turned state bodies, including the army, into political agencies, Efe reported."

Nationalism: a form of identity that holds that (ethnically or culturally defined) nations are the "fundamental units" for human social life, and makes certain cultural and political claims based upon that belief; in particular, the claim that the nation is "the only legitimate basis for the state", and that "each nation is entitled to its own state." Nationalism also refers to the specific ideologies of various nationalist movements, which make cultural and political claims on behalf of specific nations.

Used in a sentence:


"Andy Byrne of John S. Herold Inc. describes Anadarko's move as "acknowledging that international rents on oil production are rising." That's a sober way of saying that producers have got to be terrified of the rampant nationalism that is threatening property rights around the world."

Fascism: a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.

Used in a sentence:


"While Communism and Nazism posed threats through control of powerful states, the blogofascist menace is, like its Islamofascist counterpart, more of a loose network of highly motivated individuals."

:::

As you can clearly see, these models are quite wide open to interpretation.  So much so that they've lost their meaning.  Less subjectively, not one appears to be a comprehensive ideology and thus they must learn to co-exist to varying degrees, depending on the preferences of the leaders or their constituents and practicality.  Meaning?  No holy grails in here.  No laws governing the Universe, no sacred cows, no perfect ideal.

I do not have new words to replace those which have failed us.  We can talk about "Social Democrats" and "Democratic Libertarians" and "Free-Market Liberals."  Hell, you can also call yourselves "National Socialists" and "Neo-Communists" (I just made that up, sure there's some angsty teen out there who'll embrace it.)  These remind me of the infinite sects of Christianity.  You'll be hard-pressed to find a human who doesn't believe it's wrong to let people starve to death.  You'll also be hard pressed to find 2 people who are in complete agreement about how to create a world without starvation.  

Like religions, political ideologies are systems of belief (if you share everything, everyone will be fed; if you have elections, the people will have their voices heard; if you do the right thing you, will go to heaven) and no one has yet accounted for every variable.  No physicist, no yogi, no political scientist nor economist.  The only people who have come close are the atheist and anarchist who at least acknowledge the lies we tell ourselves, but who have, alas, yet to propose a viable system of anything of their own.  

I'll let someone else come up with the new ideal paradigm.

But I do think that we need to question the usage of the terms in the artillery of the media and politicians and ideologues.  As every time we hear "WMD's" we need to demand proof, every time we hear "Democracy" we need to do the same.  WMD's?  Where?  Democracy?  For/By whom?  

We also need to publicly acknowledge the inefficiency of all these terms and of the systems they refer to.  Acknowledge, honestly, that our frustration comes from our own unwillingness or inability to step outside the box in which we were shipped to this world and not from the stubbornness of the circle which refuses to be a square.

And we must stop endorsing or dismissing any nation, leader or system on the basis of our visceral response to the name given to their style of governance, and begin assessing their merit based on the prosperity, safety and dignity of their people and their respect for that of peoples not under their rule.  Is Bush a Dictator?  Is Europe Socialist?  Is Putin running a Democracy?  Is Chavez a Commie?  Yes and No.  So what?  What does it prove or accomplish?   Nada, folks.  ничего.

Are the people of America or Europe or Russia or Venezuela allowed to live in prosperity, safety and dignity?  Do the actions of their leaders respect the prosperity, safety and dignity of the people of France, Nigeria, Iran?  Now we can begin to talk about problems and solutions.  

Terms like Democracy and Dictatorship, Capitalism and Communism are absolutes which work well when trying to win hearts and minds, when creating mythology and covering your ass for committing atrocities.  I myself have warm fuzzy responses to the ideas of Democracy and Communism (and one day I will create a utopia in which we will have both, and I will rule it with an iron fist, forcing everyone to vote in every election, shop at co-ops and save the whales.)   But in the daily work of protecting human rights, feeding & educating people, creating opportunity and maintaining civil society, there seems to be a direct, inverse, relationship between the faith placed in these ideas and their odds of success.  

Mind you, I am not advocating some kind of moral relativism (ok, a little, but much less than we currently see in our governments.)  I'm not advocating for dictatorships.  I'm just saying that "dictator" rather loses its rabid bite when the people keep electing one.  And democracy, that shining city on the hill, fades in attraction when you find out its inhabitants are dying for lack of healthcare...