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Roma are Europe's Least Popular 'Neighbours'

by pereulok Tue Jul 15th, 2008 at 08:46:18 AM EST

Eurobarometer Survey, 1 July 2008. Summarized by Open Society Institute (LGI)

People of Roma origin are considered the least desirable neighbours in the European Union, a survey released in Brussels on Tuesday showed. According to the Eurobarometer survey of almost 27,000 EU citizens, 24 per cent of Europeans said that they would feel "uncomfortable" having a Roma neighbour, with half of them saying they would be "very uncomfortable." That figure is more than double the number who would not like to live next door to a homosexual, and four times more than those who would feel uncomfortable living next door to someone of a different ethnic background, the report said.


[editor's note, by Migeru] fold inserted here
Eurobarometer: Details on the Attitude towards Roma

In addition to the general measures of attitudes towards ethnic groups in society, a more detailed question was asked to ascertain attitudes towards Roma, who collectively form the largest ethnic minority in the enlarged EU. It can be recalled here that in the 2006 survey 35,77% of Europeans were of the opinion that being a Roma was a disadvantage in society. Here we examine how Europeans feel about having a Roma person as a neighbour.

Around a quarter of Europeans would feel uncomfortable having a Roma neighbour: a striking difference to the level of comfort with a person from a different ethnic origin in general. Attitudes towards Roma in the private sphere were examined using the 'neighbour scenario' whereby respondents were asked to rate how comfortable they would be having various neighbours on a ten-point scale, where 10 represents the highest level of comfort. The EU average level of comfort is much lower than it is for having a neighbour of a different ethnic origin (6.0 compared to 8.1). While 36% of respondents give one of the three most comfortable answers (8, 9 or 10 points), 24% would be uncomfortable (1, 2 or 3 points) with this idea. By way of comparison, just 6% of EU respondents give one of these uncomfortable answers for someone from a different ethnic origin in general. The tables on the study show individual country results in two different forms: the average result on the 10 point scale and the percentage of respondents who give the three most comfortable (8, 9 or 10 points) and uncomfortable (1, 2 or 3 points) answers. They also shows the percentage of respondents in each country who have friends and acquaintances who are Roma. On both measures we see a large degree of variation - in Poland, a majority of respondents (58%) say they would feel comfortable (an answer of 8, 9 or 10); the average score in the country is 7.5. Swedes are also on the whole comfortable (average score 7.1%; 52% answering 8, 9 or 10). By contrast, in the Czech Republic as well as in Italy almost half of respondents would feel uncomfortable (47% in both countries answering 1, 2 or 3; average Czech score 3.7; average Italian score, 4.0). It is also the case that more than a third of people would be uncomfortable with a Roma neighbour in Ireland (40%; 4.8), Slovakia (38%; 4.5), Bulgaria (36%; 4.8) and Cyprus (34%; 5.6). Socio-demographic variation follows the pattern established above for ethnicity in general - i.e. the most comfortable respondents with having a Roma neighbour are those who are young (6.6), who spent the longest time in education (6.5) and who have left-wing political views (6.5). There also looks to be a complex relationship between having a Roma friend or acquaintance and the level of comfort with having a Roma neighbour: On the one hand, there is the case of Spain where a high proportion of respondents have Roma friends or acquaintances (32%) and there is also a higher than average level of comfort with having a Roma neighbour (6.8). We also see that in Romania 42% have Roma friends or acquaintances and the average comfort level (6.2) is marginally higher than average. However, we can also see that several countries where a very high proportion of people have Roma friends tend to fall towards the bottom end of the ranking in terms of comfort. This is especially the case for Bulgaria (47% of respondents say they have Roma friends; average level of comfort 4.8), Hungary (42%; average level of comfort 5.5) and Slovakia (37%; average level of comfort 4.5).

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Two questions:

  1. I'm not exactly clear which part of that is quoted.

  2. What do you think of it?
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Tue Jul 15th, 2008 at 09:05:39 AM EST
  1. All is quoted. it is the summary of the report, as LGI OSI published it.

  2. What I think is that is very illustraive, as all this social polls, on what is the right answer in each country... For testing reality, I believe in other research methods that must be included in the research (on depth interviews and other qualitative methods).

I mean, if you are far away of gipsies (Sweden) you don't have bad neighbour relations, and can even keep that "romantic" image from movies and books, Carmen-like women and Zorro-like men. They should ask Swedish on Iraki and Irani, maybe...

In most of Europe it is highly accepted that you would feel unconfortable in the vicinity of "that dirty uneducated thiefs"... The problem of Roma integration/acceptance/cohabitation or whatever model you may prefer with a nomadic people, is a existing problem, and bad stereotyping an important part of it.

The results in Spain and Romania, I find them quite curious, from my personal experience. In Spain we are always Saint Mary and Jesus Christ in polls: we don't consider ourselves racist, we help the poor, we wouldn't kill a fly... Because that's the correct answer, the socially correct answer, the Catholic? correct answer. But that level of "confort", I don't think it's sincere. In Romania people do speak aloud without shame on hating gipsies, do say jokes, do say "let's send them all to Italy or Spain"... So I think that the "good neighbours" answer is the answer they give to EU, to foreigners thsat asked about it, because they know a good EU citizen would think otherwise (in public). Why the answer is more harsh in Hungary or Czech Republic, no idea at all...

"If you don't want a man unhappy politically, don't give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none." (Fahrenheit 451)

by pereulok on Tue Jul 15th, 2008 at 10:47:04 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The problem of Roma integration/acceptance/cohabitation or whatever model you may prefer with a nomadic people, is a existing problem, and bad stereotyping an important part of it.

I note that in the former East Bloc and Yugoslavia, most Rome/Gypsies are NOT nomadic (and the way they/their ancestors were settled by successive regimes is another part of the problem).

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Wed Jul 23rd, 2008 at 09:59:57 AM EST
[ Parent ]
How where they settled?

In Spain an "Enlightened" King issued an edict forbidding discrimination but which basically assumed that Gypsies were Spanish people who had decided to adopt a strange way to dress and speak, which was also forbidden. You can imagine how successful that was...

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Thu Jul 24th, 2008 at 02:50:37 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Let me guess: About as successful as the campaign to integrate the "Mountain Turks" in Turkey?

- Jake

Friends come and go. Enemies accumulate.

by JakeS (JangoSierra 'at' gmail 'dot' com) on Thu Jul 24th, 2008 at 03:13:31 AM EST
[ Parent ]
In terms of changing lifestyle, I think these settlements by royal edict were much more successful. In terms of integration, not.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Thu Jul 24th, 2008 at 04:50:49 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The royal edicts here forbade nomadic travel, not just ways of dressing and speaking. That was the first 'wave' of settlement (because it wasn't and couldn't be enforced 100%). (In an earlier thread, I mentioned that 'Gypsy' is not just a curse word, as there are Roma/Gypsy who use the local equivalents of both and also those who use the local equivalent of Gypsy only and reject "Roma" -- in Hungary, most of the latter descend from an early settlement by a 17th-century Habsburg ruler.)

Probably smaller settlements followed in the 19th century, but what are significant again are the settlements done by the 'communist' regimes. The total assimilation of Gypsies into the supposedly classless workers' society was part of ideology, but in practice, the result was other forms of discrimination: houses would be built for them, but not necessarily of the same quality as for other people, and say all of them in one area on the edge of a village, thus in effect becoming ghettos. Also for ideological reasons, everyone was employed, but most Gypsies would get crap jobs or alibi jobs without real work (and when capitalism came, guess who were fired first and hired last). Then there was a de-facto educational segregation (though far from complete -- I too had Roma classmates), with the still continuing practice of pushing Roma children off into schools for the mentally retarded. Not to speak of heavier-handed policies like re-settlements (say in Chechoslovakia, re-settling Roma from Slovakia into villages from which Sudeten-Germans were chased away), taking children from their parents and such.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Thu Jul 24th, 2008 at 04:49:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Last year I made, as many of you know, a 12 part comedy series with and about Roma in Finland. We had a great time. There was a heated debate about the show in the media, but it was actually driven by different Roma  groups each with their own agenda.

But the star of the show is also my Roma neighbour in the same 'village'. He is an elected town councillor. Our friendship is how the show was conceptualized. Through him I have also met a lot of other Roma, and have always been treated with courtesy (as long as I washed my hands before eating, and didn't mind the men sitting at the table while the ladies served them. When in Roma.....)

But all the Roma I have met who live in this village are almost all near relatives of my friend. He is currently the 'head' of this extended family. He controls which Roma can enter our village, and where they can live if allowed. I don't know if this is planned or simply territorial - but the effect is to dilute the Roma presence. And while not exactly homeopathy, The visibility of Roma in our village seems mostly below the threshold at which non-Roma would start being bad neighbours.

One of the self-organizing rules that seem to operate within the Roma community/flock in Finland is: "keep a maximum living distance between each other"

You can't be me, I'm taken

by Sven Triloqvist on Tue Jul 15th, 2008 at 03:08:15 PM EST
Well, what you tell is typical Roma extended family, tribal organization. I´m glad, anyway, that they are well integrated in your community, integrated, cohabiting, whatever. Nice exchange of personal experience, enroichening. That series must have been interesting to see (more interesting to shoot, I suppose).

P.S. Do you only wash hands when eating with Roma people???? :):):)

"If you don't want a man unhappy politically, don't give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none." (Fahrenheit 451)

by pereulok on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 06:37:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
No ;-) But even if you are just out of the shower and walked over there, you are expected to wash your hands. And why not? It's the same as the foot washing before entering a mosque.

While you can meet Finnish Roma women in traditional dress, it is slowly changing. Their arms and legs remain covered, hair is long etc but the clothes styles are trad. Finnish.  The men are fond of brown suede jackets, dark blue trousers and black shoes. Wealth, in the form of gold jewellery, is still displayed.

Below the belt jokes and swearing are taboo, and this was interesting because it made our series suitable for the whole (Finnish) family. And several of the sketches I wrote were censored by the Roma in the team and had to be rewritten. In one, I wanted to do a very surreal Romadance sketch with (CGI) many Roma women dancing in a line in the style of the Irish Riverdance. The joke being of course that all the action is in the legs, which were invisible under the large voluminous skirts. That part was OK, but there were objections to our male star doing a bare torso solo.

You can't be me, I'm taken

by Sven Triloqvist on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 07:09:26 AM EST
[ Parent ]
That part was OK, but there were objections to our male star doing a bare torso solo.
They obviously haven't heard of Joaquín Cortés.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 08:30:56 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Interestingly we had a TV crew earlier in the year at the gypsy pilgrimage to Saintes-Maries de la Mer in the Camargue. Our star (who is a good showman and singer) and a Roma girl guitarist (former Finnish Eurovision entrant) joined in with the music of many Roma groups, as well as doing improv sketches with visitors to the festival.

Having looked through the footage, I found the French Gitans, in look and behaviour, to be far less traditional than the Finnish Roma. For them the bared chest seemed more de rigeur ;-). The woman also had bare arms. They also displayed far more 'passion' than the average Finnish Roma.

I've discussed this with my Roma friend and he admits that Roma in different cultures DO adapt their own culture to make a better fit with the culture they are living in. Historically, perhaps half of the male contestants in our annual Seinajoki Tango Festival contest (just held again last weekend) are Roma. Finnish Tango is a rather melancholic Finnish country music that bears little relation to any tango played elsewhere - especially by Roma.

Django Reinhardt was a Belgian Sinto gypsy who adopted hot jazz with some success ;-)

You can't be me, I'm taken

by Sven Triloqvist on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 09:46:01 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Having looked through the footage, I found the French Gitans, in look and behaviour, to be far less traditional than the Finnish Roma. For them the bared chest seemed more de rigeur ;-). The woman also had bare arms. They also displayed far more 'passion' than the average Finnish Roma.

Must be the warmer weather.

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 09:51:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Precisely.

You can't be me, I'm taken
by Sven Triloqvist on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 10:15:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Cultural adaptation

You can't be me, I'm taken
by Sven Triloqvist on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 10:16:55 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Because, as afew will confirm, a bare chest is de rigueur among men in the Southern French culture. :-P

When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. — John M. Keynes
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 10:28:48 AM EST
[ Parent ]
as long as he dosn't insist on personal photos, we c an take him at his word.

Any idiot can face a crisis - it's day to day living that wears you out.
by ceebs (ceebs (at) eurotrib (dot) com) on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 10:32:12 AM EST
[ Parent ]
How do you know if you have a Roma neighbor? Perhaps when they move in they go around the neighborhood knocking on doors to tell everybody about their background? Perhaps they have special tatoos on their foreheads? Perhaps they play wierd violin music at all hours of the night?

What is the distinguishing characteristic that allows you to tell them apart?

by asdf on Tue Jul 15th, 2008 at 08:55:18 PM EST
Well, that´s a good point and part of the question on Roma and Roma perception. Once the Roma become "middle-class" (or even "working-class"), they remain unnoticed (except artists, that keep the Roma-gipsy label, at least in Flamenco world). At least "socially" unnoticed, as a group.

Browsing the web, I found interesting listings on famous Roma people: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roma,_Sinti_and_Mixed_People
http://www.imninalu.net/famousGypsies.htm

I don´t know many of them anyway, but, let´s forget about singers. Bob Hoskins, Charles Chaplin... Not bad. But, always artists? Well, there´s a nobel prize (August Krogh).

And well again, you know that soccer players in Spain are our pride... Real Madrid´s José Antonio Reyes, part of the team that won the European Cup a month ago, is Roma. Dani Güiza also is called often "the gipsy from Jerez" but I´m not sure if it´s a "school nickname" because he´s quite dark-haired, like calling "Chinese" someone with narrow eyes. Could be. Typical Spanish, not despective. Had "Chineses" in most of my classes when I was little...

"If you don't want a man unhappy politically, don't give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none." (Fahrenheit 451)

by pereulok on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 06:33:57 AM EST
[ Parent ]
I forgot to add my point on this: that nononbe would think of all this poeple as Rima, gipsies or whatever.

"If you don't want a man unhappy politically, don't give him two sides to a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none." (Fahrenheit 451)
by pereulok on Wed Jul 16th, 2008 at 08:41:20 AM EST
[ Parent ]
As a US equivalent of 'racial recognition' think of Latinos instead of blacks.

On average darker skin than that of the rest of the local population, many with some recognisable facial characteristics, clothing if traditional, and many live with some off-the-local-norm social customs like living together in large quarreling families.

Of course, if people bothered to look at a sample of individuals from the group, they'd see what pereuleok says about middle-class Roma becoming unnoticed, and that non-Roma can have a "Gypsy appearance". (To examples close to home: I could trip up a more right-wing minded relative who argued about a 'Gypsy problem' by reminding him of his darker complexion; while the leader of main opposition party Fidesz, former PM Viktor Orbán not only has a darker skin but some facial characteristics normally recognised as "Gypsy", inspiring some nasty racist digs from Socialist voters to annoy his nationalist voters.)

And the ironic part is that for practically the whole Balkans, it is true that in the country neighbouring to the Northwest, many locals will see you as a Gypsy. (I.e. if you come from Turkey to Bulgaria, or from Bulgaria to Serbia, or from Romania to Hungary, or from Hungarí to Austria.)

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.

by DoDo on Wed Jul 23rd, 2008 at 10:20:37 AM EST
[ Parent ]
In the southwestern U.S., there are so many Latinos, and there is such a gradation between them and Anglos, that it is hard to put a dividing line between the two. If you speak Spanish that's one thing, but otherwise it's hard to tell.
by asdf on Wed Jul 23rd, 2008 at 08:38:14 PM EST
[ Parent ]


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